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GeoGebra Manual

The official manual of GeoGebra.

Introduction

Compatibility

Installation Guide

Objects

Free, Dependent and Auxiliary Objects

Geometric Objects

Points and Vectors

Lines and Axes

Conic sections

Functions

Curves

Inequalities

Intervals

General Objects

Numbers and Angles

Texts

Boolean values

Complex Numbers

Lists

Matrices

Action Objects

Selecting objects

Change Values

Naming Objects

Animation

Tracing

Object Properties

Labels and Captions

Advanced Features

Object Position

Conditional Visibility

Dynamic Colors

LaTeX

Layers

Scripting

Tooltips

Tools

Tools

Movement Tools

Move Tool

Record to Spreadsheet Tool

Rotate around Point Tool

Point Tools

Point Tool

Attach / Detach Point Tool

Complex Number Tool

Point on Object Tool

Intersect Tool

Midpoint or Center Tool

Line Tools

Line Tool

Segment Tool

Segment with Given Length Tool

Ray Tool

Vector from Point Tool

Vector Tool

Special Line Tools

Best Fit Line Tool

Parallel Line Tool

Angle Bisector Tool

Perpendicular Line Tool

Tangents Tool

Polar or Diameter Line Tool

Perpendicular Bisector Tool

Locus Tool

Polygon Tools

Rigid Polygon Tool

Polyline Tool

Regular Polygon Tool

Polygon Tool

Circle & Arc Tools

Circle with Center and Radius Tool

Circle through 3 Points Tool

Circle with Center through Point Tool

Circumcircular Arc Tool

Circumcircular Sector Tool

Compass Tool

Circular Sector Tool

Semicircle through 2 Points Tool

Circular Arc Tool

Conic Section Tools

Ellipse Tool

Hyperbola Tool

Conic through 5 Points Tool

Parabola Tool

Measurement Tools

Distance or Length Tool

Angle Tool

Slope Tool

Area Tool

Angle with Given Size Tool

Transformation Tools

Translate by Vector Tool

Reflect about Line Tool

Reflect about Point Tool

Rotate around Point Tool

Reflect about Circle Tool

Dilate from Point Tool

Special Object Tools

Image Tool

Pen Tool

Slider Tool

Relation Tool

Function Inspector Tool

Text Tool

Action Object Tools

Check Box Tool

Input Box Tool

Button Tool

General Tools

Custom Tools

Show / Hide Label Tool

Zoom Out Tool

Zoom In Tool

Delete Tool

Move Graphics View Tool

Show / Hide Object Tool

Copy Visual Style Tool

Commands

Commands

Geometry Commands

AffineRatio Command

Angle Command

AngleBisector Command

Arc Command

Area Command

AreEqual Command

AreCollinear Command

AreConcyclic Command

AreCongruent Command

AreConcurrent Command

ArePerpendicular Command

AreParallel Command

Barycenter Command

Centroid Command

CircularArc Command

CircularSector Command

CircumcircularArc Command

CircumcircularSector Command

Circumference Command

ClosestPoint Command

CrossRatio Command

Cubic Command

Direction Command

Distance Command

Envelope Command

Intersect Command

IntersectPath Command

Length Command

Line Command

PerpendicularBisector Command

Locus Command

LocusEquation Command

Midpoint Command

PerpendicularLine Command

Perimeter Command

Point Command

PointIn Command

Polyline Command

Polygon Command

Prove Command

ProveDetails Command

Radius Command

Ray Command

RigidPolygon Command

Sector Command

Segment Command

Slope Command

Tangent Command

Vertex Command

TriangleCurve Command

TriangleCenter Command

Trilinear Command

Algebra Commands

Div Command

Expand Command

Factor Command

FromBase Command

IFactor Command

GCD Command

LCM Command

Max Command

Min Command

Mod Command

PrimeFactors Command

Simplify Command

ToBase Command

Text Commands

ContinuedFraction Command

FractionText Command

FormulaText Command

LetterToUnicode Command

Ordinal Command

RotateText Command

ScientificText Command

SurdText Command

TableText Command

Text Command

TextToUnicode Command

UnicodeToLetter Command

UnicodeToText Command

VerticalText Command

Logic Commands

CountIf Command

IsDefined Command

If Command

IsInRegion Command

IsInteger Command

KeepIf Command

Relation Command

Financial Commands

FutureValue Command

Payment Command

Periods Command

PresentValue Command

Rate Command

Functions & Calculus Commands

Asymptote Command

Coefficients Command

CompleteSquare Command

ComplexRoot Command

Curvature Command

CurvatureVector Command

Curve Command

Degree Command

Denominator Command

Derivative Command

Extremum Command

Factors Command

Function Command

ImplicitCurve Command

Integral Command

IntegralBetween Command

Intersect Command

Iteration Command

IterationList Command

LeftSum Command

Limit Command

LimitAbove Command

LimitBelow Command

LowerSum Command

NSolveODE Command

Numerator Command

OsculatingCircle Command

ParametricDerivative Command

PartialFractions Command

PathParameter Command

Polynomial Command

RectangleSum Command

Root Command

RootList Command

Roots Command

SlopeField Command

SolveODE Command

Spline Command

TaylorPolynomial Command

TrapezoidalSum Command

TrigExpand Command

TrigCombine Command

TrigSimplify Command

InflectionPoint Command

UpperSum Command

Conic Commands

Asymptote Command

Axes Command

Center Command

Circle Command

Conic Command

ConjugateDiameter Command

Directrix Command

Eccentricity Command

Ellipse Command

LinearEccentricity Command

MajorAxis Command

SemiMajorAxisLength Command

Focus Command

Hyperbola Command

Incircle Command

Parabola Command

Parameter Command

Polar Command

MinorAxis Command

SemiMinorAxisLength Command

Semicircle Command

List Commands

Append Command

Classes Command

Element Command

Flatten Command

First Command

Frequency Command

IndexOf Command

Insert Command

Intersect Command

Intersection Command

IterationList Command

Join Command

Last Command

OrdinalRank Command

PointList Command

Product Command

RandomElement Command

Remove Command

RemoveUndefined Command

Reverse Command

RootList Command

SelectedElement Command

SelectedIndex Command

Sequence Command

Sort Command

Take Command

TiedRank Command

Union Command

Unique Command

Zip Command

Vector & Matrix Commands

ApplyMatrix Command

CurvatureVector Command

Determinant Command

Identity Command

Invert Command

PerpendicularVector Command

ReducedRowEchelonForm Command

Transpose Command

UnitPerpendicularVector Command

UnitVector Command

Vector Command

Transformation Commands

AttachCopyToView Command

Dilate Command

Reflect Command

Rotate Command

Shear Command

Stretch Command

Translate Command

Chart Commands

BarChart Command

BoxPlot Command

ContingencyTable Command

DotPlot Command

FrequencyPolygon Command

Histogram Command

HistogramRight Command

NormalQuantilePlot Command

ResidualPlot Command

StemPlot Command

StepGraph Command

StickGraph Command

Statistics Commands

ANOVA Command

Classes Command

CorrelationCoefficient Command

Covariance Command

Fit Command

FitExp Command

FitGrowth Command

FitImplicit Command

FitLineX Command

FitLine Command

FitLog Command

FitLogistic Command

FitPoly Command

FitPow Command

FitSin Command

Frequency Command

FrequencyTable Command

GeometricMean Command

HarmonicMean Command

Mean Command

MeanX Command

MeanY Command

Median Command

Mode Command

Normalize Command

Percentile Command

Q1 Command

Q3 Command

RSquare Command

RootMeanSquare Command

SD Command

SDX Command

SDY Command

Sxx Command

Sxy Command

Syy Command

Sample Command

SampleSD Command

SampleSDX Command

SampleSDY Command

SampleVariance Command

Shuffle Command

SigmaXX Command

SigmaXY Command

SigmaYY Command

Spearman Command

Sum Command

SumSquaredErrors Command

TMean2Estimate Command

TMeanEstimate Command

TTest Command

TTest2 Command

TTestPaired Command

Variance Command

Probability Commands

Bernoulli Command

BinomialCoefficient Command

BinomialDist Command

Cauchy Command

ChiSquared Command

ChiSquaredTest Command

Erlang Command

Exponential Command

FDistribution Command

Gamma Command

HyperGeometric Command

InverseBinomial Command

InverseCauchy Command

InverseChiSquared Command

InverseExponential Command

InverseFDistribution Command

InverseGamma Command

InverseHyperGeometric Command

InverseLogNormal Command

InverseLogistic Command

InverseNormal Command

InversePascal Command

InversePoisson Command

InverseTDistribution Command

InverseWeibull Command

InverseZipf Command

LogNormal Command

Logistic Command

Normal Command

Pascal Command

Poisson Command

RandomBetween Command

RandomBinomial Command

RandomNormal Command

RandomPoisson Command

RandomUniform Command

TDistribution Command

Triangular Command

Uniform Command

Weibull Command

Zipf Command

ZMean2Estimate Command

ZMean2Test Command

ZProportion2Estimate Command

ZProportion2Test Command

ZProportionEstimate Command

ZProportionTest Command

ZMeanEstimate Command

ZMeanTest Command

Spreadsheet Commands

Cell Command

CellRange Command

Column Command

ColumnName Command

FillCells Command

FillColumn Command

FillRow Command

Row Command

Scripting Commands

Button Command

CenterView Command

Checkbox Command

CopyFreeObject Command

Delete Command

Execute Command

GetTime Command

HideLayer Command

Pan Command

ParseToFunction Command

ParseToNumber Command

Repeat Command

PlaySound Command

Rename Command

RunClickScript Command

RunUpdateScript Command

Turtle Command

TurtleLeft Command

TurtleUp Command

TurtleRight Command

TurtleDown Command

TurtleForward Command

TurtleBack Command

SelectObjects Command

SetActiveView Command

SetAxesRatio Command

SetBackgroundColor Command

SetCaption Command

SetColor Command

SetConditionToShowObject Command

SetCoords Command

SetDynamicColor Command

SetFilling Command

SetFixed Command

SetLabelMode Command

SetLayer Command

SetLineStyle Command

SetLineThickness Command

SetPointSize Command

SetPointStyle Command

SetTooltipMode Command

SetValue Command

SetVisibleInView Command

SetViewDirection Command

SetSpinSpeed Command

SetPerspective Command

SetSeed Command

SetTrace Command

ShowAxes Command

ShowGrid Command

ShowLabel Command

ShowLayer Command

Slider Command

StartAnimation Command

StartLogging Command

StopLogging Command

StartRecord Command

InputBox Command

UpdateConstruction Command

ZoomIn Command

ZoomOut Command

Discrete Math Commands

ConvexHull Command

DelaunayTriangulation Command

Hull Command

MinimumSpanningTree Command

ShortestDistance Command

TravelingSalesman Command

Voronoi Command

GeoGebra Commands

AxisStepX Command

AxisStepY Command

ClosestPoint Command

ClosestPointRegion Command

ConstructionStep Command

Corner Command

DynamicCoordinates Command

Name Command

Object Command

SlowPlot Command

ToolImage Command

Optimization Commands

Maximize Command

Minimize Command

CAS Specific Commands

CFactor Command

CIFactor Command

CSolutions Command

CSolve Command

CommonDenominator Command

Cross Command

Dimension Command

Division Command

Divisors Command

DivisorsList Command

DivisorsSum Command

Dot Command

Eliminate Command

GroebnerDegRevLex Command

GroebnerLex Command

GroebnerLexDeg Command

ImplicitDerivative Command

InverseLaplace Command

IsPrime Command

Laplace Command

LeftSide Command

MatrixRank Command

MixedNumber Command

NIntegral Command

NSolutions Command

NSolve Command

NextPrime Command

Numeric Command

PreviousPrime Command

RandomPolynomial Command

Rationalize Command

RightSide Command

Solutions Command

Solve Command

SolveCubic Command

Substitute Command

ToComplex Command

ToExponential Command

ToPoint Command

ToPolar Command

nPr Command

3D Commands

Plane Command

Cone Command

Height Command

Sphere Command

Net Command

Top Command

Surface Command

Octahedron Command

InfiniteCone Command

InfiniteCylinder Command

IntersectRegion Command

IntersectConic Command

Side Command

PerpendicularPlane Command

Polyhedron Command

Prism Command

Dodecahedron Command

Icosahedron Command

Tetrahedron Command

Bottom Command

Volume Command

Cube Command

Cylinder Command

Pyramid Command

Ends Command

PlaneBisector Command

Predefined Functions and Operators

User interface

Views

Graphics View

Customizing the Graphics View

Algebra View

Spreadsheet View

CAS View

Probability Calculator

Construction Protocol

Input Bar

Menubar

Toolbar

Navigation Bar

File Menu

Edit Menu

View Menu

Perspectives

Options Menu

Tools Menu

Window Menu

Help Menu

Context Menu

Customize the Settings

Export Graphics Dialog

Export Worksheet Dialog

Properties Dialog

Redefine Dialog

Tool Creation Dialog

Keyboard Shortcuts

Settings Dialog

Virtual Keyboard

Tool Manager Dialog

Accessibility

Publishing

Creating Pictures of the Graphics View

Upload to GeoGebra

Embedding in Webpages

Embedding to CMS, VLE (Moodle) and Wiki

Export to LaTeX (PGF, PSTricks) and Asymptote

Printing Options