運算區

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運算區介面

預設情況下，運算區會放在 繪圖區旁邊。上方所顯示的工具列會因為你目前所在的視區不同而顯示不同的工具列，若你正在編輯運算區，則上方所顯示的工具列是「運算工具列」；若正在編輯繪圖區，則會切換為「繪圖工具列」。「復原」、「重複」按鈕放置在視窗的右上角。

運算區

雖然 運算區是運算格局的一部分，但您仍可根據自己的需求來調整 GeoGebra 介面的外觀。

建立物件

直接輸入

運算區讓您能利用 GeoGebra 的代數運算系統 (Computer Algebra System, CAS) 來進行符號運算。它由數個儲存格組成，而每個儲存格上方為指令欄，下方顯示輸出結果。這些指令欄的使用方式與一般的指令列幾乎相同，但有以下的差別：

• 您可使用任何未用過的變數名。
  範例： 在指令欄輸入 (a+b)^2 後按下 Enter 鍵。您將得到 a²+2ab+b² 。
• = 用於方程式而 := 用於設定變數。這表示當您輸入 a=2 並不會把 2 這個值指定給 a。更多細節請參閱變數設定。
• 進行乘法運算時，必須明確地標示乘號。您可以在指令列輸入 a(b+c) 或 a*(b+c)，但在 運算區只能輸入a*(b+c)。

Keyboard Shortcuts for Direct Input

In the CAS View the following keyboard shortcuts help you to evaluate or check your input.

備註： Instead of using these keyboard shortcuts, you may also use the corresponding Tools of the CAS View Toolbar.

• Enter: Evaluates you input
• Ctrl + Enter: Evaluates your input numerically
  範例： sqrt(2) yields 1.41
• Alt + Enter: Checks your input but does not evaluate it.
  範例： b + b stays as b + b.
  備註： Assignments are always evaluated, e.g. a := 5

In the CAS View the following keyboard shortcuts help you to reuse previous input or output in a new row if you enter them into an empty Input Field:

• Space bar: Inserts the previous output into the new row.
• ): Inserts the previous output in parentheses.
• =: Inserts the previous input into the new row.

備註： You may suppress any output with a semicolon at the end of your input, e.g. a := 5;.

Variable Assignments and Connection with other Views

You may use the := notation for assignments, e.g. b := 5, a(n) := 2n + 3.

• Free up a name: Use Delete[b] in order to free up a variable name again.
• Redefine a variable or function: You may redefine a variable or function, but you must do so in the same cell, otherwise it will be treated as a new variable and automatically renamed.

Variables and functions are always shared between the CAS View and the other Views if possible. For example:

• If you define b:=5 in the CAS View, then you can use b in all the other Views of GeoGebra.
• If you define a function f(x)=x^2 in another View, you can also use this function in the CAS View.

備註：

The output will always be just the expression after the :=, e.g. if you type b:=5 the output will be 5. Please also note, that for clarification actually b := 5 will be displayed.

Equations

• You may write equations using the simple Equals sign, e.g. 3x + 5 = 7.
• Arithmetic operations: You can perform arithmetic operations on equations, which is useful for manual equation solving.
  範例： (3x + 5 = 7) - 5 subtracts 5 from both sides of the equation.
• Extracting one Side: You may extract either the left or right side of an equation by using the commands LeftSide[] and RightSide[].
  範例： LeftSide[3x + 5 = 7] returns 3 x + 5 and RightSide[3x + 5 = 7] returns 7

Row References

You can refer to other rows in the CAS View in two ways:

• Static row references copy the output and won't be updated if the referenced row is subsequently changed
  • #: Copies the previous output.
  • #5: Copies the output of row 5.
• Dynamic row references insert a reference to another row instead of the actual output and therefore will be updated if the referenced row is subsequently changed
  • $: Inserts a reference to the previous output.
  • $5: Inserts a reference to the output of row 5

CAS Commands

GeoGebra also offers a wide range of CAS Commands that can be used to create objects in the CAS View. Just start typing the name of a Command into the Input Field and GeoGebra will offer you a list of Commands that match your input.

備註： For a complete list of Commands see section CAS Commands.

備註： From GeoGebra 4.9.170.0 on, the CAS View supports exact versions of some Geometry Commands

.

CAS View Toolbar

The CAS View Toolbar provides a range of CAS Tools that can be operated with the mouse and allow you to evaluate input and perform calculations. Just enter your input and use the mouse to click on the corresponding CAS Tool afterwards in order to apply it to your input.

提示： You may select part of the input text to only apply the operation to this selected part.

備註： For a complete list of Tools see CAS Tools.

Context Menus

Row Header Context Menu

Right click (MacOS: Ctrl-click) on a row header in order to show a Context Menu with the following options:

• Insert Above: Inserts an empty row above the current one.
• Insert Below: Inserts an empty row below the current one.
• Delete Row: Deletes the contents of the current row.
• Text: Toggles between the current result and a text showing the current result contained in the row, which allows the user to insert comments.
• Copy as LaTeX (GeoGebra Desktop): Copies the contents of the current row to your computer’s clipboard, allowing you to paste the contents e.g. in a Text object.

備註： To copy the contents of more than one CAS row as LaTeX, select the rows you want with Ctrl-click (MacOS: Cmd-click), then right-click (MacOS: Ctrl-click) on the row header and select Copy as LaTeX.

Cell Context Menu

In GeoGebra Desktop, right click (MacOS: Ctrl-click) on a CAS output cell in order to show a Context Menu with the following options:

• Copy: Copies the cell contents to the your computer’s clipboard. Then, right click on a new cell in order to show the Paste option.
• Copy as LaTeX: Copies the cell contents in LaTeX format to the your computer’s clipboard, so it can be pasted into a Text object or a LaTeX editor.
• Copy as LibreOffice Formula: Copies the cell contents in LibreOffice formula format to your computer’s clipboard, so it can be pasted in a word processing document.
• Copy as Image: Copies the cell contents in PNG format to your computer’s clipboard, so it can be pasted into an Image object or in a word processing document.

Display of Mathematical Objects

CAS View Style Bar

The CAS View Style Bar provides buttons to

• change the text style ( bold and italics) and color
• display a virtual keyboard (GeoGebra Desktop)
• display additional Views in the GeoGebra window (GeoGebra Web and Tablet Apps)

Showing CAS Objects in the Graphics View

In the CAS View, the icon to the left of every row shows the current visibility state (shown or hidden) of the object defined in it (when possible). You may directly click on the little Show / Hide Object icon in order to change the visibility status of the object in the Graphics View.