Note di versione di GeoGebra 4.0

Da GeoGebra Manual.

Questa pagina elenca una panoramica delle nuove caratteristiche di GeoGebra 4.0. È disponibile il nuovo Manuale di GeoGebra che contiene le descrizioni dettagliate di tutti i nuovi strumenti e comandi.

Per installare GeoGebra 4.0 basta fare clic su Webstart oppure utilizzare le opzioni di Download.

GeoGebra 4.0 non è eseguibile con Java 1.4.2, quindi è necessario installare almeno la versione 5 di Java, disponibile su java.com

Compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2

I dettagli relativi alla compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2 sono disponibili qui.

GeoGebraPrim

La versione di GeoGebra dedicata agli studenti della scuola primaria è disponibile qui. 

* Disponibilità di un numero ristretto di strumenti
* Tutti gli strumenti disponibili sono visibili
* Dimensione dei caratteri aumentata
* Oggetti più grandi e con spessore maggiore del tratto
* Visualizzazione della sola Vista Grafica
* Selezione degli oggetti semplificata
* Etichettatura degli oggetti disattivata (impostazione predefinita)
* Angoli sempre tra 0° e 180° (impostazione predefinita)
* Arrotondamento all'intero successivo (impostazione predefinita)

Strumenti

Nuovi strumenti

 Consente la creazione di un punto all'interno di un poligono, un cerchio o un'ellisse, facendo clic nella posizione desiderata

 Mantenere premuto <Alt> per vincolare un punto nell'interno di una forma (invece che al bordo)

Tracciare un rettangolo nella Vista Grafica con lo strumento Muovi per definire la zona in cui si andrà a disegnare a mano libera, oppure selezionare un'immagine già esistente per disegnare al suo interno. Il tasto destro del mouse funge da gomma.

Modifiche sugli strumenti della versione precedente

Questo strumento è stato completamente riprogrammato per semplificare l'inserimento di testo dinamico. Selezionando l'oggetto dall'elenco a discesa "Oggetti", questo è visualizzato all'interno di un rettangolo, che indica che è un oggetto dinamico, e non semplice testo statico.

Con un clic sul tasto destro del rettangolo è possibile selezionare la "Definizione" o il "Valore" di ciascun oggetto dinamico. È inoltre disponibile un'Anteprima, un elenco a discesa di Simboli e l'elenco dei simboli recentemente utilizzati. I testi possono essere spostati tramite trascinamento, mentre è selezionato lo strumento Inserisci testo.

È ora possibile muovere uno slider mediante trascinamento, mentre è selezionato lo strumento Slider, oppure mediante trascinamento, tenendo premuto il tasto destro del mouse, mentre è selezionato lo strumento Muovi.

È ora possibile muovere la Casella di testo mediante trascinamento, mentre è selezionato lo strumento Casella di controllo per mostrare/nascondere oggetti .

È ora possibile creare un luogo a partire da uno slider e un punto dipendente.

Nuove funzionalità

Nuovi tipi di oggetti

  • Le Curve implicite, ad es. x^3 + y^2 = 1 possono essere tracciate nella Vista Grafica.
  • Funzioni in più variabili, come ad es. f(x, y) = x^2 + y^2
    Queste possono essere utilizzate per definire funzioni in una sola variabile, ad es. g(x) = f(x, 2) oltre a funzioni in più variabili, come ad es. f(a,b,c)=a+b+c
  • Spezzata
 È come un poligono, ma non è chiuso. Vedere lo strumento Spezzata aperta.

 ad es. 10 ≤ x < 20 : è possibile applicare agli intervalli i comandi PuntoMedio, Max e Min.

Caratteristiche generali

  • Aggiuna la funzione log(b, x) per il logaritmo in base b
  • Esportazione del foglio di lavoro: è disponibile un'opzione di incorporamento del file .ggb in un file HTML (con codifica Base64, utilizzando il parametro 'ggbBase64')
  • Esportazione come 'GIF Animata' (l'animazione è controllata da uno slider, che funge da "orologio")
  • Lo strumento Compasso consente la selezione di un cerchio, quindi di un centro
  • Opzioni 'Intero' e 'Casuale' per gli slider
  • File -> Apri pagina Web consente il caricamento di un file .ggb presente in una pagina Web, semplicemente incollandone l'URL da un browser (suffisso .html o .ggb), oltre a consentire il caricamento di file codificati in Base 64 o con una stringa GeoGebra XML.
  • Opzione "Show trimmed intersecting lines" nei punti di intersezione
  • Opzioni Tooltip (Proprietà dell'oggetto -> Avanzate) Attiva, Non attiva, Legenda, Prossima cella, Automatica (nella versione precedente: solo con la Vista Algebra aperta)
  • Visualizzazione corretta di formule e matrici nel foglio di calcolo
  • Digitando un'espressione del tipo ab + 1, se la variabile ab non è definita, viene automaticamente creata come ab = a * b se a e b sono numeri, oppure come ab = Distanza[a,b] se a e b sono punti.
  • LaTeX[ <Matrice> ], LaTeX[ <Vettore> ] ora sono visualizzati correttamente
  • supporto di csc(x), sec(x), cot(x), csch(x), sech(x), coth(x) e derivate
  • Vista Algebra: è ora possibile selezionare più oggetti con Maiusc-clic
  • sqrt(3 + i), cbrt(3 + i), conjugate(3 + i), arg(3 + i)
  • Opzione "Importa file di dati" nel menu contestuale del Foglio di calcolo
  • Le combinazioni di tasti in stile Windows funzionano anche nei campi testo (ad es Alt 0176 per °) [non in Mac OSX]
  • Supporto per chiavi Unicode nelle espressioni per ad es. Arabia, Thai

Sono supportati tutti i sistemi numerici (eccetto Osmanya) descritti qui: Hindu-Arabic Numeral System

  • È possibile utilizzare sintassi del tipo a = a + 1 o A = A + (1, 2) per gli oggetti liberi (utile per i pulsanti)
  • Sono consentite le percentuali ad es. a = 3.4%
  • Supporto per la visualizzazione di numeri con cifre localizzate (al momento in Arabo, Tamil, Thai e Malayalam)
  • Supporto per potenze in formato apice con più di una cifra, ad es. y = x²², x⁻¹
  • Alt - ora restituisce un segno meno in formato apice (non un meno-o-più)
  • In greco e arabo i punti sono etichettati con lettere localizzate
  • Blocca sulla griglia funziona con testi, immagini, poligonio, segmenti, vettori, ecc (utilizza il primo punto)
  • È possibile creare poligoni a partire da una lista di punti con il comando Poligono[lista].
  • È possibile trascinare il lato di un poligono
  • Miglioramento della visualizzazione delle equazioniLaTeX e implementazione quasi completa di LaTeX (con JLaTeXMath)
  • È possibile inserire legende in formato LaTeX (inserendole tra $ $ ) (per tutti gli oggetti tranne caselle di controllo, campi testo e pulsanti)
  • "Blocca su oggetto/griglia" dinamico per i nuovi oggetti.
  • Ampiezza degli angoli visibili modificata automaticamente
  • Visualizzazione di coppie di parentesi collegate nello stesso colore, nella barra di inserimento
  • Anteprima per angoli, rette perpendicolari, rette parallele, bisettrici e assi creati con gli appositi strumenti
  • Supporto per eg sin²(x), sin³(x), sin⁻¹(x) for entering functions
  • Supporto per eg f(x) = sin²(x) as display eg FormulaText[ sin(x)^2 ]
  • Parametric Curves can now be transformed, eg Reflect[Curve[t^2, t^3, t, -1, 1], yAxis]
  • Hit testing in the Vista Grafica for Integral, Slope, Boxplot, BarChart, Histogram
  • Option for zero line thickness for Integral, Slope, BarChart, Histogram, Angle
  • Applets now automatically get the keyboard focus
  • Simpler dynamic texts: a"text"b is equivalent to a+"text"+b
  • Help -> About -> Copy to Clipboard copies debugging information to the clipboard.
    This can allow you to recreate your work eg if there is a problem saving
  • Ctrl-Shift-M copies just the <applet> tag to the clipboard ready to paste into MediaWiki, Moodle etc etc
  • Caption options:
    • %v for value
    • %n for name
    • %x for x-coordinate (or x coefficient for the line a x + b y + c = 0)
    • %y for y-coordinate (or y coefficient for the line a x + b y + c = 0)
    • %z for the 'c' term for the line a x + b y + c = 0 (also: z-coordinate, ready for a 3D View)
  • Custom Tools can now have angles, integrals, lower/upper sums, histograms, boxplots and barcharts as an output.
  • Custom Tools with Numeric and Angle inputs as first input can be now used by just clicking in the Vista Grafica to activate the dialog.
  • Tracing for Polygons, liste and Loci (useful for eg SolveODE[x + y, y² - 1, x(A), y(A), 5, 0.05] )
  • Right-click with multiple objects selected now opens a menu, not Object Properties
  • Popup chooser when multiple objects are clicked removed.
  • Texts created in the barra di inserimento are now put in the middle of the Vista Grafica (not at the origin)
  • Texts and Loci now visible in the Vista Algebra (Auxiliary impostazione predefinita)
  • Option in the Style Bar for the Vista Algebra to list objects by type
  • Dynamic slider range and increment
  • New Graphic Export options: Transparent PNGs and EMF+
  • New Worksheet Export options: Allow Rescaling, Remove Line Breaks, Use Browser for JavaScript scripts
  • Options to export multiple worksheets to HTML: Single File (Tabs) and Linked Files
  • Dynamic Opacity in Object Properties -> Advanced
  • Dynamic Color options for RGB, HSL, HSV in Object Properties -> Advanced
  • Lines can now behave like functions, eg
 a:y=2x
 a(3)
  • Hold down Alt when drawing a Polygon or PolyLine to get angles that are a multiple of 15°
  • Construction Protocol export to HTML improved (eg included Tool icons)
  • atan2(x,y)
  • "Increasing (Once)" option for animating
  • liste are now draggable, eg {a, b, Segment[D, F], (-0.22, 1.82)}
  • Function labels drawn nicely for 'Value' and 'Name & Value' (using LaTeX)
  • Interpolation for Images can be turned off (Object Properties > Style)
  • Vector product syntax: u ⊗ v
 (<Alt>* for ⊗ symbol)
  • When multiple sliders are selected, they can be changed in unison with arrow keys
  • When exactly two sliders are selected, Up/Down changes one slider, Left/Right changes the other
  • Special symbol for sqrt(-1) <Alt>i
  • Construction Protocol HTML is saved with some extra information so it can be reloaded into GeoGebra with File -> Open
  • Gaussian Error Function erf(x)
  • Slider dialog now accepts eg "a=2" in the Name field
  • "Use Java Fonts for LaTeX texts" option added
  • "Reverse Mouse Wheel" option added
  • "Return angle from inverse trig functions" option added
  • Degree symbol automatically inserted in the Rotate Tool's dialog box
  • Select objects with the selection rectangle before selecting the "Copy Visual Style" Tool
  • LaTeX rendering for functions in the Vista Algebra (option, can be turned off in the style bar)
  • Click-and-hold on a Tool button to show the other Tools available

Inequalities

  • Inverse Filling option
  • Conics supported, eg x² + y² < 25
  • Functions supported, eg y < sin(x)
  • Inverse functions supported, eg x<sin(y)+y

New Spreadsheet Features

  • Data Analysis dialog
  • Trace to Spreadsheet dialog
  • Create table
  • Import data file

Experimental Features

  • Tools > Manage tools > Open
  • Export to Asymptote
  • "Show Online Help" button on Syntax Error
  • more efficient dynamic LaTeX texts with eg \frac{x_A}{y_A}=\jlmDynamic{x(A)/y(A)}
  • Intervals: "3 < x && x < 5" converted to "3 < x < 5"
  • Intersect[line,polygon]
  • booleans in functions, eg f(x) = x (x == round(x))
  • Intersections and unions of polygons
  • Probability calculator
  • positive-direction-only axes, adjustable axis crossing, polar grid, "On Edge" option
  • Background color for Texts & hatching (at the moment the only way to set this is in the spreadsheet or stylebar)
  • SolveODE[ <f'(x,y)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <End x>, <Step> ]
  • SolveODE[ <y'>, <x'>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <End t>, <Step> ]
  • SolveODE[ <b(x)>, <c(x)>, <f(x)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <Start y'>, <End x>, <Step> ]
 also see FillCells[ ], First[ <Locus>, <Number> ] and Length[ <Locus> ] commands
  • Two Vista Graficas
  • Hatching & Image fill for Polygons, Conics, Slope, UpperSum etc
  • StemPlot[ <List> ]
  • StemPlot[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ]
  • PlaySound[ <Note>, <Duration>, <Length>]
  • PlaySound[ <Note Sequence>, <Instrument> ]
  • PlaySound[ <File> ]
  • Shear[object,line,ratio]
  • Stretch[object,line,ratio]

Note that line can be also segment or vector.

  • PointIn[x>0 && y>0 && x+y<3]
  • <param = "useBrowserForJS" value = "true"/>
  • HTML5 export
  • FormulaText[If[x < 3, x, x + 1]]
  • Upload to GeoGebra
  • Compound paths, eg Point[{Segment[B, A], Segment[B, C], Segment[B, D], (1,1), Circle[A,B], x y = 1}]
 eg Point[{Segment[D, C], Semicircle[B, C], Segment[B, A], Semicircle[D, A]}]
  • Animation of punti on Paths (eg circles, lines, compound paths)
  • Point[x>3]
  • Distance[ <Point>, <Object> ]
  • ClosestPoint[ <Point>, <Object> ]
 These two commands work for Circles, Curves, Lines, Segments, Parabolas, Hyperbolas, Ellipses, Implicit Curves & Loci. For functions they work on vertical distance. Also Distance[ <Point>, <Segment> ] now works properly.
  • Preview for LaTeX texts in the Text Dialog
  • New editor for texts & scripts with syntax coloring and bracket matching
  • Zip[<Expression>,,<list 1>, ...] -- ad es. Zip[Midpoint[A,B],A,list1,B,list2] is shortcut for

Sequence[Midpoint[list1(k),list2(k)],k,1,Min[Length[list1],Length[list2]]

  • Added the Gaussian Error Function erf(x)
  • Loci can now be filled / hatched
  • ImplicitCurve[ <List of punti> ]
 Number of punti in the list must be 9, 14, 20, 26, 33, etc

Implicit curves created this way can be transformed with: Translate, Rotate, Dilate (Enlarge), Reflect (in point or line)


Scripting

All GeoGebra objects can now have a script associated with them. This can be a list of GeoGebra commands and/or some JavaScript. So for example an image or a circle can now act as a button.

The new Button and TextField objects have been specifically designed to support scripts. When you type some text into a textfield and press <Enter>, the text is passed to a script as %0, so you can have commands such as:
text = "%0"
Text[%0,(3,4)]

The text is also passed to JavaScript as a variable 'arg' allowing commands such as:
ggbApplet.evalCommand('input="' + arg + '"');

GeoGebra now has a built-in JavaScript interpreter. When exporting to a dynamic worksheet, the JavaScript for each button is exported to a separate function in the HTML file and the browser is used to run the JavaScript.

The Global JavaScript is available to all functions, and is also exported to the HTML file.

Extra supported commands: 

* alert("hello");
* prompt("What's your favorite software","GeoGebra");

List Operations

<Object> ∈ <List> is an element of

<List> ⊆ <List> is subset of

<List> ⊂ <List> is subset of (strict)

<List> \ <List> set difference

Virtual Keyboard

View the new on-screen keyboard by going to View -> Show Keyboard

It will be transparent if you are running Java 1.6.0_10 or higher on a supported Operating System / Graphics Card (Go to Help -> About to check)

  • Keyboards for Math, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Korean, Hindi, French, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Malayalam, Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Persian, Spanish and English (US and UK) including all accents etc
  • Supports entering Windows-style alt keycodes, eg <Alt>0176
  • Supports different keyboard layouts according to locale
  • Works in all applications, not just GeoGebra
  • Window can be resized
  • AltGr shows accents on the bottom row in all languages. Supported accents: acute, grave, circumflex, cedilla, umlaut, caron, tilde, breve, dot above, ogonek, ring above, double acute, solidus, dialytika tonos

Commands

Improved Commands

 Makes a locus from a slider and a dependent point

 calcola the extremums of the function between left-x and right-x.
 Function should be continuous in the interval, otherwise false
 extremums near discontinuity might be calculated.
 (previously worked only for polynomials)

 eg CountIf[ x == (1,2), {A, B, C} ]
 eg CountIf[ x == "hello", list ]
  • TableText[ <Matrix>, <String> ] now supports brackets by specifying ||||, ||, {}, [] or () in the String, horizontal lines by specifying _ and vertical lines by specifying |
 eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c()"]
 eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c|_"]
 eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c||"]
 eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c||||"]

 Simplify will now cancel factors from a fraction better, eg Simplify[(x-1)/(x^2-2x+1)]

 Factor has been much improved and restituisce better answers for simple factoring and also now
 copes with much harder problems eg Factor[ x^33 - 1 ]

Restituisce vertices of polygon

  Integrals can be shaded but not computed when Evaluate = false

 New options for Cumulativa histograms and density scaling.  
 If Use Density = true histogram bar heights follow the rule: 
       height = (scaling factor * frequency) / class width 
 If a scaling factor is not specified the default is one. 
 When Use Density = false  no density scaling is performed 
 and histogram bar heights equal frequency values.

New Commands

Commands marked * also work in the Vista CAS

  • Identity[ <Number> ]
 genera an Identity matrix of the specified order
  • Incircle[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point> ]
  • FormulaText[ <Object>, <Boolean for Substitution of Variables>, <Boolean Show Name> ]
  • GetTime[]
 Restituisce a list such as {647, 59, 39, 23, 28, 2, 2011, "February", "Monday", 2}
 ie the current date and time in this order:
 milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours (0 - 23), date, month (1-12), year, month (as text), day (as text), day (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday etc)
  • Min[ <Interval> ]
  • Max[ <Interval> ]
  • Midpoint[ <Interval> ]
  • Min[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ]
 calcola the minimum point for function in the given interval.
 Function should only have one minimum point in the interval.
  • Max <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ]

calcola the maximum point for function in the given interval. Function should only have on maximum point in the interval.

  • Maximize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ]

calcola the independent number which restituisce the maximal value of the dependent number. The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval will be used as the search interval. If the construction is complicated, this command might fail or quit to avoid using too much processor time.

  • Minimize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ]

calcola the independent number which restituisce the minimal value of the dependent number. The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval will be used as the search interval. If the construction is complicated, this command might fail or quit to avoid using too much processor time.

  • LeftSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles> ]
 calcola the left sum of the function on the interval [a, b] using n rectangles.
 Note: This command draws the rectangles of the left sum as well.
  • RectangleSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles>, <Position for rectangle start> ]
 calcola the sum of rectangles with left height starting at a
 fraction d of each interval using n rectangles. (0<=d<=1).
 When d=0 this is equivalent to the LowerSum[] command and when d=1 the UpperSum[] command.
 Note: This command draws the rectangles of the sum as well.
  • StartAnimation[ ]
  • StartAnimation[ <Slider> ]
  • StartAnimation[ <Boolean> ]
  • Ordinal[ < Integer> ]
 turns a number into an ordinal (as a text)
 eg Ordinal[5] restituisce "5th" in English
  • PathParameter[ <Point on Path> ]
 eg turns a Point on Circle into a slider
  • Point[ <Object>, <Parameter> ]
 eg Point[c, a] (for a circle c and slider a)
  • PrimeFactors[ <Number> ]
 Restituisce a list of prime factors (works for numbers up to 9 007 199 254 740 992)
 eg PrimeFactors[1] Restituisce {}
 eg PrimeFactors[23] Restituisce {23}
 eg PrimeFactors[24] Restituisce {2, 2, 2, 3}
  • PrimeFactorization[<Number>]
Restituisce list of punti (prime,exponent). ad es. PrimeFactorization[3072] Restituisce {(2,10),(3,1)}
  • IndexOf[ <Object>, <List> ]
  • IndexOf[ <Object>, <List>, <Start Index> ]
  • IndexOf[ <Text>, <Text> ]
  • IndexOf[ <Text>, <Text>, <Start Index> ]
  • StemPlot[ <List> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List> ]
  • StemPlot[ <List> , <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ]
  • ResidualPlot[<List of punti>, <Function>]
  • DotPlot[<List of Numbers>]
  • FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Heights> ]
  • FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
  • FrequencyPolygon[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
  • Hull[ <List of punti> ,<Percentage> ]
 Produces a "Characteristic Hull" as described here: http://www.geosensor.net/papers/duckham08.PR.pdf
 When the percentage is 1, the Convex Hull is produced. As the percentage is decreased, the area of the hull decreases.
  • ConvexHull[ <List of punti> ]
  • MinimumSpanningTree[ <List of punti> ]
  • DelauneyTriangulation[ <List of punti> ]
  • TravelingSalesman[ <List of punti> ]
  • Voronoi[ <List of punti> ]
 Draws a Voronoi Diagram
  • ShortestDistance[ <List of Segments>, <Start Point>, <End Point>, <Boolean Weighted> ]
  • Perimeter[ <Locus> ]
 Useful for ShortestDistance[ ]
  • SelectedIndex[ <List> ]
  • SelectedElement[ <List> ]
 These two commands return the index / element of a Visible List (ie Combobox) that has been selected by the user.
 Note that these are currently available only in the Spreadsheet (when the "Use Buttons and Checkboxes" option is enabled).
  • ToolImage[ <Number> ]

Copies the icon for the selected Tool into the Vista Grafica. The numbers for each Tool are detailed here: http://www.geogebra.org/trac/browser/trunk/geogebra/geogebra/euclidian/EuclidianConstants.java

  • SlowPlot[ <Function> ]
  • Sample[ <List>, <Size> ]
  • Sample[ <List>, <Size>, <With Replacement> ]
  • VerticalText[ <Text> ]
  • RotateText[ <Text>, <Angle> ]
  • PolyLine[ <List of punti> ]
  • PolyLine[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point>, ... ]
  • RigidPolygon[<Free Point>, ..., <Free Point> ]
 Makes a rigid polygon. Dragging the polygon translates it, dragging the second point rotates it.
  • Simplify[ <Text> ]
 Attempts to tidy up text expressions by removing repeated negatives etc eg Simplify["f(x) = "+a+"x²+"+b+"x+"+c]
 Note that FormulaText[f] normally produces better results and is simpler
  • ComplexRoot[ <Polynomial> ]
  • SetValue[ <Boolean>, <0|1> ]
 Sets the state of a boolean / CheckBox
 1 = true, 0 = false
  • SetValue[ <List>, <Element>]
 Sets the selected element of a Visible List (Combobox)
  • SetValue[ <Object> , <Object> ]
 Useful in Scripting eg SetValue[a, b]
  • SetValue[ <List>, <Number>, <Object> ]
 Useful in Scripting eg SetValue[list1, RandomBetween[1,3], RandomBetween[1,10]]
  • UpdateConstruction[]
 Useful in Scripting. Updates all random numbers (like Ctrl-R)
  • Execute[<List of strings>]

Executes list of commands, ad es. Execute[Join[{"f_{1}=1","f_{2}=1"},Sequence["f_{"+(i+2)+"}=f_{"+(i+1)+"}+f_{"+i+"}",i,1,10]]].

  • Execute[<List of strings>,<Parameter %0>,....,<Parameter %9>]

Replaces %x for parameter %x. Executes list of resulting commands, ad es. Execute[{"Midpoint[%0,%1]"},A,B}].

  • ApplyMatrix[ <Matrix>, <Object> ]
  • RandomElement[ <List> ]
  • Shuffle[ <List> ]
  • OrdinalRank[ <List> ]
  • TiedRank[ <List> ]
  • ReducedRowEchelonForm[ <Matrix> ]
  • SampleSD[ <List of Numbers> ]
 calcola the Sample Standard Devation
  • SampleSDX[ <List of punti> ], SampleSDY[ <List of punti> ]
 Calculate the Sample Standard Devation of one coordinate
  • SDX[ <List of punti> ], SDY[ <List of punti> ]
 Calculate the Standard Devation of one coordinate
  • SampleVariance[ <List of Numbers> ]
 calcola the Sample Variance
  • Spearman[<List of punti>]
  • Spearman[<List of Numbers>, <List of Numbers>]
calcola Spearman's Correlation Coefficient
  • Point[ <List> ]
 eg Point[ {1, 2} ]
 eg Point[ { {1, 2}, {3, 4} } ]
  • PointList[ <List> ]
 eg PointList[ { {1, 2}, {3 ,4}} ]
  • RootList[ <List> ]
 eg RootList[ {1, 2, 3} ]
  • ParseToNumber[ <Number>, <Text> ]
 eg ParseToNumber[a,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script
  • ParseToFunction[ <Function>, <Text> ]
 eg ParseToFunction[f,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script
  • Polygon[ <List of punti> ]
  • FitGrowth[<List of punti>]
Fits a function of the form a*b^x to the punti in the list.
(Just like FitExp[], but to avoid the number e, as e is unknown to some pupils
 even if they know the exponential growth function.)
  • Fit[<List of punti>,<List of Functions>]
Fits a linear combination of functions to the punti in the list.
For example, with punti A, B, C, ...
  L={A, B, C, ...}, f(x)=1, g(x)=x, h(x)=e^x, F={f,g,h}
the command
  Fit{L,F}
restituisce a minimum squared errors curve fitting fit(x) = a + b x + c e^x
  • SumSquaredErrors[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
 calcola the sum of squared errors, SSE, between the y-values
 of the punti in the list and the function values of the
 x-values in the list.
 If we have some punti in a list: L={A,B,C,D,E}
 and have done for example:
 f(x)=RegPoly[L,1] and g(x)=RegPoly[L,2]
 then we can decide the best fit, in the sense of the least sum of squared errors
 (Gauss), by comparing:
 sse_f=SumSquaredErrors[L,f] and sse_g=SumSquaredErrors[L,g].
  • RSquare[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
  • Numerator[ <Function> ] *
  • Denominator[ <Function> ] *
  • PartialFractions[ <Function> ] *
  • Limit[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
  • LimitAbove[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
  • LimitBelow[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
  • Factors[ <Polynomial> ] *
  • Degree[ <Polynomial> ] *
  • Coefficients[ <Polynomial> ] *
  • Coeffcients[ <Conic> ]

Restituisce a list with the coefficients of: x², y², 1, xy, x, y

  • Div[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] *
  • Mod[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] *
  • Asymptote[ <Function> ]
  • Asymptote[ <Implicit Curve> ]
  • RandomUniform[ <Min>, <Max> ]
  • Eccentricity[ <Conic> ]
  • Length[ <Text> ]
  • Length[ <Locus> ]
 See SolveODE[ ]
  • Take[ <Text>, <Start>, <End> ]
  • First[ <Text>, <Number>]
  • First[ <Locus>, <Number>]
 See SolveODE[ ]
  • First[ <Text>]
  • Last[ <Text>, <Number>]
  • Last[ <Text>]
  • Text[ <Object>, <Point>, <Boolean for Substitution of Variables>, <Boolean for LaTeX formula> ]
  • Reflect[ <Circle>, <Object> ]
 Inverts object in circle
  • DynamicCoordinates[ <Point>, <Number>, <Number> ]
 A=Point[xAxis]
 B=Point[xAxis]
 DynamicCoordinates[B, Min[x(B),x(A)],0]
 SetVisibleInView[B, 1, false]
 SetLayer[C, 1]
 Now, C cannot be moved to the right of A

 A=(1,2)
 SetVisibleInView[A, 1, false]
 B=DynamicCoordinates[A, If[x(A) > 3, 3, If[x(A) < -(3), -3, If[x(A) < 0, round(x(A)), x(A)]]], If[x(A) < 0, 0.5, If[y(A) > 2, 2, If[y(A) < 0, 0, y(A)]]]]

 A=(1,2)
 B=(2,3)
 Hide B
 C=DynamicCoordinates[B, If[Distance[A, B] < 1, x(A), x(B)], If[Distance[A, B] < 1, y(A), y(B)]]
 makes A a sticky point when C is dragged near it
  • PointIn[ <Region> ]
  • IsInRegion[ <Point>, <Region> ]
  • Element[ <Matrix>, <Column>, <Row> ]
  • TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseTDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
  • FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseFDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
  • Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseGamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Probability> ]
  • Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseCauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Probability> ]
  • ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
  • Exponential[ <Mean>, <Variable Value>]
  • InverseExponential[ <Mean>, <Probability> ]
  • Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
  • InverseWeibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Probability> ]
  • Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • InverseBinomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
  • Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • InversePascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
  • Poisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • InversePoisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
  • HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • InverseHyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Probability> ]
  • Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • InverseZipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Probability> ]
  • CopyFreeObject[ <Object> ]
  • SetColor[ <Object>, "color" ]
  • SetColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
  • SetBackgroundColor[ <Object>, "color" ]
  • SetBackgroundColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
  • SetDynamicColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
  • SetConditionToShowObject[ <Object>, <Condition> ]
  • SetCoords[ <Point>, <x>, <y> ]
  • SetFilling[ <Object>, <Number> ]
  • Setpuntiize[ <Point>, <Number> ]
  • Setpuntityle[ <Point>, <Number> ]
  • SetLineThickness[ <Line>, <Number> ]
  • SetLineStyle[ <Line>, <Number> ]
  • SetLayer[ <Object>, <Layer> ]
  • SelectObjects[ ]

clears selection

  • SelectObjects[ <Object>, <Object>, ... ]
  • ShowLayer[ <Number> ]
  • HideLayer[ <Number> ]
  • SetFixed[ <Object>, <True | False> ]
  • ShowLabel[ <Object>, <True | False> ]
  • Rename[ <Object>, <Name> ]
  • FillRow[ <Row>, <List> ]
  • FillColumn[ <Column>, <List> ]
  • FillCells[ <CellRange>, <Object> ]
 eg FillCells[A1:B20, loc1] to get the coordinates of a locus into the spreadsheet
 eg FillCells[A1:B20, 3] to copy '3' into multiple cells
 eg FillCells[A1:B2, {{1,2},{3,4}}] to copy a matrix into the spreadsheet [UNFINISHED]
  • FillCells[ <Start Cell>, <List> ]
  • FillCells[ <Start Cell>, <Matrix> ]
  • SetActiveView[ <Number 1|2> ]
 Sets the Active View (3 reserved for 3D View in future)
  • ZoomIn[ <Scale Factor> ]
  • ZoomOut[ <Scale Factor> ]
  • ZoomIn[ <Scale Factor>, <Center Point> ]
  • ZoomOut[ <Scale Factor>, <Center Point> ]
  • Pan[ <x>, <y> ]
  • Cell[ <Column>, <Row> ]
  • SetCaption[ <Object>, <Text> ]
  • SetLabelMode[ <Object>, <Number> ]
  • Slider[ <Min>, <Max>, <Increment>, <Speed>, <Width>, <Is Angle>, <Horizontal>, <Animating>, <Random>]
 Only first two arguments are compulsory.
  • Checkbox[, <List of objects to hide>] (both, either or none parameters can be used)
  • Textfield[], Textfield[<Linked object>]
  • Button[], Button[]
  • Unique[ <List>]
 Removes duplicates from a list.
  • Classes[ <List of Data>, <Start>, <Width of Classes> ]
  • Classes[ <List of Data>, <Number of Classes> ]
 restituisce a list of class boundaries.
  • Frequency[ <List of Raw Data> ]
  • Frequency[ <Cumulativa>, <List of Raw Data>]
  • Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, ]
  • Frequency[ <Cumulativa>,<List of Class Boundaries>,<List of Raw Data>]
  • Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
  • Frequency[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
 restituisce a list of frequencies.
  • Fit[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
  • Intersect[ <Function>, <Function> ]
  • SetVisibleInView[ <Object>, <View Number 1|2>, <Boolean> ]
  • ZoomIn[ <Min x>, <Min y>, <Max x>, <Max y> ]
  • Corner[ <Vista Grafica>, <Corner Number> ]
  • Roots[ <Function>, <left-x>, <right-x> ]
 calcola the roots for function in the given interval.
  • CompleteSquare[ <Quadratic Function> ]
 The following commands draw a function for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf)
  • TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x ]
  • TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
  • FDistributionSyntax=FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x ]
  • FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x ]
  • Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x ]
  • Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x ]
  • ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Exponential[ <Lambda>, x ]
  • Exponential[ <Lambda>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x ]
  • Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ]
  • Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
  • LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ]
  • LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
  • LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, <Variable Value> ]
  • Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x ]
  • Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Variable Value> ]
  • Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x ]
  • Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
  • Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x ]
  • Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, <Variable Value> ]
 The following commands draw a Bar Chart for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf)
  • Bernoulli[ <Probability>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ]
  • Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Poisson[ <Mean> ]
  • Poisson[ <Mean>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ]
  • Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size> ]
  • HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
  • Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent> ]
  • Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]


New Keyboard & Mouse Shortcuts

  • <Ctrl>H Show / Hide Objects (not MacOS)
  • <Ctrl><Shift>H Show / Hide Labels (not MacOS)
  • <Ctrl>G Show / Hide Objects
  • <Ctrl><Shift>G Show / Hide Labels
  • <Ctrl>I Invert Selection
  • <Tab> Select next object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked)
  • <Shift><Tab> Select previous object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked)
  • <Ctrl><Tab> toggles focus between Vista Grafica and the Spreadsheet
  • <Page Up> increases layer of the selected objects
  • <Page Down> decreases layer of the selected objects
  • The Following work (together with Alt, Shift, Ctrl modifiers) to pan the Vista Grafica when no objects are selected:
    • <Page Up> Go up one screen's worth
    • <Page Down> Go down one screen's worth
    • <Insert> Go left one screen's worth
    • <Home> Go right one screen's worth
    • Left arrow Go left 1% of the screen's width
    • Right arrow Go left 1% of the screen's width
    • Up arrow Go up 1% of the screen's height
    • Down arrow Go down 1% of the screen's height
  • <Ctrl>M Revert to standard view in the Vista Grafica
  • <Ctrl><Shift>M Share
  • Menu button (on keyboard) opens Vista Grafica menu / Object finestra di dialogo Proprietà
  • Spacebar Toggle checkbox (if selected)
  • Spacebar run scripts (if selected) eg for a Button
  • <Ctrl><Shift>N Select next window (or load next file in folder if just one file loaded)
  • <Ctrl><Alt><Shift>N Select last window
  • <Home> go to start of row (in spreadsheet)
  • <Ctrl><Home> go to cell A1 (in spreadsheet)
  • <Ctrl><Shift>K Show/Hide Vista CAS
  • <Ctrl><Shift>L Show/Hide Construction Protocol
  • <Ctrl><Shift>1 Show/Hide Vista Grafica
  • <Ctrl><Shift>2 Show/Hide Vista Grafica 2
  • <Ctrl><Shift>3 Reserved (for 3D View in future)
  • <Ctrl><Shift>Z Redo
  • <Ctrl>UpArrow (in Text Field) Open symbol table
  • Click and drag middle button (scroll wheel) to pan view or rescale the axes
  • <F1> Help / Help on current command
  • <Alt>i restituisce the new symbol for sqrt(-1) ί
  • <Alt>u ∞ (was <Alt>i)
  • <Alt>* restituisce ⊗ (Vector Product)
  • <Alt>- now restituisce a superscript minus (not minus-or-plus)
  • <Tab> cycles through matching commands (barra di inserimento)

Description of all Keyboard Shortcuts

New Applet Parameters

  • allowStyleBar, default false
  • useBrowserForJS, default true

Description of all GeoGebra Applet Parameters

New Command Line Arguments

If you use command line arguments, make sure you allocate enough memory, eg:
java -Xms32m -Xmx512m -jar geogebra.jar --settingsfile=geogebra.properties

--settingsfile=<File>

Description of all GeoGebra Command Line Arguments

New JavaScript commands

  • String getPNGBase64(double exportScale, boolean transparent, double DPI)
    eg var str = ggbApplet.getPNGBase64(1, true, 72);
  • boolean writePNGtoFile(String filename, double exportScale, boolean transparent, double DPI)
    signed applets only
    eg var success = ggbApplet.writePNGtoFile("c:\\test.png", 1, false, 300);
  • boolean isIndependent(String objName) (checks if object is independent)
  • boolean isMoveable(String objName) (checks if object is moveable)
  • getBase64()
  • setBase64(String)

Description of all GeoGebra JavaScript Methods

GeoGebra's XML File Format

GeoGebra's XML file format is documented at Reference:XML

License

You are free to copy, distribute and transmit GeoGebra for non-commercial purposes. Please see the GeoGebra license for details: http://www.geogebra.org/download/license.txt

Estratto da "http://wiki.geogebra.org/s/it/index.php?title=Note_di_versione_di_GeoGebra_4.0&oldid=6141"
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