Differenze tra le versioni di "Note di versione di GeoGebra 4.0"
(Creata pagina con 'Questa pagina elenca una panoramica delle nuove caratteristiche di GeoGebra 4.0. È disponibile il nuovo [http://wiki.geogebra.org/it/Manuale:Pagina_principale Manuale di GeoGebr...') |
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Per installare '''GeoGebra 4.0''' basta fare clic su [http://www.geogebra.org/webstart/4.0/geogebra.jnlp Webstart] oppure utilizzare le opzioni di [http://www.geogebra.org/download/ Download]. | Per installare '''GeoGebra 4.0''' basta fare clic su [http://www.geogebra.org/webstart/4.0/geogebra.jnlp Webstart] oppure utilizzare le opzioni di [http://www.geogebra.org/download/ Download]. | ||
− | GeoGebra 4.0 | + | GeoGebra 4.0 non è eseguibile con Java 1.4.2, quindi è necessario installare almeno la versione 5 di Java, disponibile su [http://www.java.com java.com] |
− | = | + | =Compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2= |
− | + | I dettagli relativi alla compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2 sono disponibili [http://wiki.geogebra.org/it/Compatibilit%C3%A0 qui]. | |
− | http://wiki.geogebra.org/ | ||
=GeoGebraPrim= | =GeoGebraPrim= | ||
+ | La versione di GeoGebra dedicata agli studenti della scuola primaria è disponibile [http://www.geogebra.org/webstart/4.0/GeoGebraPrim.jnlp qui]. | ||
− | + | * Disponibilità di un numero ristretto di strumenti | |
− | + | * Tutti gli strumenti disponibili sono visibili | |
+ | * Dimensione dei caratteri aumentata | ||
+ | * Oggetti più grandi e con spessore maggiore del tratto | ||
+ | * Visualizzazione della sola Vista Grafica | ||
+ | * Selezione degli oggetti semplificata | ||
+ | * Etichettatura degli oggetti disattivata (impostazione predefinita) | ||
+ | * Angoli sempre tra 0° e 180° (impostazione predefinita) | ||
+ | * Arrotondamento all'intero successivo (impostazione predefinita) | ||
− | + | =Strumenti= | |
− | + | ==Nuovi strumenti== | |
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− | + | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/it/Strumento_Punto_su_oggetto Strumento Punto su oggetto] | |
− | + | Consente la creazione di un punto all'interno di un poligono, un cerchio o un'ellisse, facendo clic nella posizione desiderata | |
− | + | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/it/Strumento_Vincola_/_Svincola_punto Strumento Vincola/Svincola punto] | |
− | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/ | + | Mantenere premuto <Alt> per vincolare un punto nell'interno di una forma (invece che al bordo) |
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− | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/ | ||
− | |||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Button_Tool Button Tool] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Button_Tool Button Tool] | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/TextField_Tool TextField Tool] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/TextField_Tool TextField Tool] | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Pen_Tool Pen Tool] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Pen_Tool Pen Tool] | ||
− | Draw a rectangle with the Move Tool first to draw onto a selected region of the | + | Draw a rectangle with the Move Tool first to draw onto a selected region of the Vista Grafica, or select an existing image first to draw into it. Right-hand mouse button acts as an eraser. |
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Rigid_Polygon_Tool Rigid Polygon Tool] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Rigid_Polygon_Tool Rigid Polygon Tool] | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Vector_Polygon_Tool Vector Polygon Tool] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Vector_Polygon_Tool Vector Polygon Tool] | ||
Riga 62: | Riga 59: | ||
==New Object Types== | ==New Object Types== | ||
− | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Curves Implicit Curves], | + | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Curves Implicit Curves], ad es. x^3 + y^2 = 1 are drawn in the Vista Grafica. |
− | * Multivariate functions, | + | * Multivariate functions, ad es. f(x, y) = x^2 + y^2<br> You can also use them to define single variable functions, ad es. g(x) = f(x, 2) and functions of several variables eg f(a,b,c)=a+b+c |
* PolyLine | * PolyLine | ||
Riga 81: | Riga 78: | ||
* 'Integer' and 'Random' option for sliders | * 'Integer' and 'Random' option for sliders | ||
* File -> Open Webpage allows loading of ggb files from webpages by pasting a URL from a browser (ending .html or .ggb). Also allows loading of files encoded as a Base 64 or GeoGebra XML string. | * File -> Open Webpage allows loading of ggb files from webpages by pasting a URL from a browser (ending .html or .ggb). Also allows loading of files encoded as a Base 64 or GeoGebra XML string. | ||
− | * "Show trimmed intersecting lines" option for intersection | + | * "Show trimmed intersecting lines" option for intersection punti |
− | * Tooltip options (Object Properties -> Advanced) On, Off, Caption, Next Cell, Automatic (old behaviour: only when Algebra | + | * Tooltip options (Object Properties -> Advanced) On, Off, Caption, Next Cell, Automatic (old behaviour: only when Vista Algebra is open) |
* Proper display of formulas and matrices in the spreadsheet | * Proper display of formulas and matrices in the spreadsheet | ||
− | * When an expression like '''ab + 1''' is entered, if the variable ab is undefined then it is automatically created as '''ab = a * b''' if a and b are Numbers, or '''ab = Distance[a,b]''' if a and b are | + | * When an expression like '''ab + 1''' is entered, if the variable ab is undefined then it is automatically created as '''ab = a * b''' if a and b are Numbers, or '''ab = Distance[a,b]''' if a and b are punti. |
* FormulaText[ <Matrix> ], FormulaText[ <Vector> ] now display nicely | * FormulaText[ <Matrix> ], FormulaText[ <Vector> ] now display nicely | ||
* support for csc(x), sec(x), cot(x), csch(x), sech(x), coth(x) and derivatives | * support for csc(x), sec(x), cot(x), csch(x), sech(x), coth(x) and derivatives | ||
− | * Algebra | + | * Vista Algebra: you can now shift-click to select multiple objects |
* sqrt(3 + i), cbrt(3 + i), conjugate(3 + i), arg(3 + i) | * sqrt(3 + i), cbrt(3 + i), conjugate(3 + i), arg(3 + i) | ||
* "Import Data" option in the Spreadsheet context menu | * "Import Data" option in the Spreadsheet context menu | ||
Riga 97: | Riga 94: | ||
* Support for numbers to be displayed using localised digits (currently in Arabic, Tamil, Thai and Malayalam locales) | * Support for numbers to be displayed using localised digits (currently in Arabic, Tamil, Thai and Malayalam locales) | ||
* Support for superscript powers with more then one digit, eg y = x²², x⁻¹ | * Support for superscript powers with more then one digit, eg y = x²², x⁻¹ | ||
− | * Alt-minus now | + | * Alt-minus now restituisce a superscript minus (not minus-or-plus) |
− | * In Greek and Arabic, | + | * In Greek and Arabic, punti are labelled in the local alphabet |
* Snap to grid works when dragging Texts, Images, Polygons, Segments, Vectors etc (uses first point) | * Snap to grid works when dragging Texts, Images, Polygons, Segments, Vectors etc (uses first point) | ||
− | * Polygons can be created from a list of | + | * Polygons can be created from a list of punti with Polygon[list]. |
* You can now drag the edge of a Polygon | * You can now drag the edge of a Polygon | ||
− | * Much better looking LaTeX | + | * Much better looking LaTeX equazioni and an almost complete implementation of LaTeX now supported (using JLaTeXMath) |
* allow LaTeX captions (surround by $ $ ) (all objects except Checkbox, TextField and Button) | * allow LaTeX captions (surround by $ $ ) (all objects except Checkbox, TextField and Button) | ||
* Dynamic "snap to object/grid" when drawing a new object. | * Dynamic "snap to object/grid" when drawing a new object. | ||
* Auto-adjust radius of visible angles | * Auto-adjust radius of visible angles | ||
− | * Colored bracket-matching in the | + | * Colored bracket-matching in the barra di inserimento etc |
* Preview for the Angle, Perpendicular Line, Parallel Line, Angle Bisector and Perpendicular Bisector Tools | * Preview for the Angle, Perpendicular Line, Parallel Line, Angle Bisector and Perpendicular Bisector Tools | ||
* Support for eg sin²(x), sin³(x), sin⁻¹(x) for entering functions | * Support for eg sin²(x), sin³(x), sin⁻¹(x) for entering functions | ||
* Support for eg f(x) = sin²(x) as display eg FormulaText[ sin(x)^2 ] | * Support for eg f(x) = sin²(x) as display eg FormulaText[ sin(x)^2 ] | ||
* Parametric Curves can now be transformed, eg Reflect[Curve[t^2, t^3, t, -1, 1], yAxis] | * Parametric Curves can now be transformed, eg Reflect[Curve[t^2, t^3, t, -1, 1], yAxis] | ||
− | * Hit testing in the | + | * Hit testing in the Vista Grafica for Integral, Slope, Boxplot, BarChart, Histogram |
* Option for zero line thickness for Integral, Slope, BarChart, Histogram, Angle | * Option for zero line thickness for Integral, Slope, BarChart, Histogram, Angle | ||
* Applets now automatically get the keyboard focus | * Applets now automatically get the keyboard focus | ||
Riga 124: | Riga 121: | ||
** %z for the 'c' term for the line a x + b y + c = 0 (also: z-coordinate, ready for a 3D View) | ** %z for the 'c' term for the line a x + b y + c = 0 (also: z-coordinate, ready for a 3D View) | ||
* Custom Tools can now have angles, integrals, lower/upper sums, histograms, boxplots and barcharts as an output. | * Custom Tools can now have angles, integrals, lower/upper sums, histograms, boxplots and barcharts as an output. | ||
− | * Custom Tools with Numeric and Angle inputs as first input can be now used by just clicking in the | + | * Custom Tools with Numeric and Angle inputs as first input can be now used by just clicking in the Vista Grafica to activate the dialog. |
− | * Tracing for Polygons, | + | * Tracing for Polygons, liste and Loci (useful for eg SolveODE[x + y, y² - 1, x(A), y(A), 5, 0.05] ) |
* Right-click with multiple objects selected now opens a menu, not Object Properties | * Right-click with multiple objects selected now opens a menu, not Object Properties | ||
* Popup chooser when multiple objects are clicked removed. | * Popup chooser when multiple objects are clicked removed. | ||
− | * Texts created in the | + | * Texts created in the barra di inserimento are now put in the middle of the Vista Grafica (not at the origin) |
− | * Texts and Loci now visible in the Algebra | + | * Texts and Loci now visible in the Vista Algebra (Auxiliary impostazione predefinita) |
− | * Option in the Style Bar for the Algebra | + | * Option in the Style Bar for the Vista Algebra to list objects by type |
* Dynamic slider range and increment | * Dynamic slider range and increment | ||
* New Graphic Export options: Transparent PNGs and EMF+ | * New Graphic Export options: Transparent PNGs and EMF+ | ||
Riga 144: | Riga 141: | ||
* atan2(x,y) | * atan2(x,y) | ||
* "Increasing (Once)" option for animating | * "Increasing (Once)" option for animating | ||
− | * | + | * liste are now draggable, eg {a, b, Segment[D, F], (-0.22, 1.82)} |
* Function labels drawn nicely for 'Value' and 'Name & Value' (using LaTeX) | * Function labels drawn nicely for 'Value' and 'Name & Value' (using LaTeX) | ||
* Interpolation for Images can be turned off (Object Properties > Style) | * Interpolation for Images can be turned off (Object Properties > Style) | ||
Riga 160: | Riga 157: | ||
* Degree symbol automatically inserted in the Rotate Tool's dialog box | * Degree symbol automatically inserted in the Rotate Tool's dialog box | ||
* Select objects with the selection rectangle before selecting the "Copy Visual Style" Tool | * Select objects with the selection rectangle before selecting the "Copy Visual Style" Tool | ||
− | * LaTeX rendering for functions in the Algebra | + | * LaTeX rendering for functions in the Vista Algebra (option, can be turned off in the style bar) |
* Click-and-hold on a Tool button to show the other Tools available | * Click-and-hold on a Tool button to show the other Tools available | ||
Riga 194: | Riga 191: | ||
* SolveODE[ <b(x)>, <c(x)>, <f(x)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <Start y'>, <End x>, <Step> ] | * SolveODE[ <b(x)>, <c(x)>, <f(x)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <Start y'>, <End x>, <Step> ] | ||
also see FillCells[ ], First[ <Locus>, <Number> ] and Length[ <Locus> ] commands | also see FillCells[ ], First[ <Locus>, <Number> ] and Length[ <Locus> ] commands | ||
− | * Two | + | * Two Vista Graficas |
* Hatching & Image fill for Polygons, Conics, Slope, UpperSum etc | * Hatching & Image fill for Polygons, Conics, Slope, UpperSum etc | ||
* StemPlot[ <List> ] | * StemPlot[ <List> ] | ||
Riga 211: | Riga 208: | ||
* Compound paths, eg Point[{Segment[B, A], Segment[B, C], Segment[B, D], (1,1), Circle[A,B], x y = 1}] | * Compound paths, eg Point[{Segment[B, A], Segment[B, C], Segment[B, D], (1,1), Circle[A,B], x y = 1}] | ||
eg Point[{Segment[D, C], Semicircle[B, C], Segment[B, A], Semicircle[D, A]}] | eg Point[{Segment[D, C], Semicircle[B, C], Segment[B, A], Semicircle[D, A]}] | ||
− | * Animation of | + | * Animation of punti on Paths (eg circles, lines, compound paths) |
* Point[x>3] | * Point[x>3] | ||
* Distance[ <Point>, <Object> ] | * Distance[ <Point>, <Object> ] | ||
Riga 218: | Riga 215: | ||
* Preview for LaTeX texts in the Text Dialog | * Preview for LaTeX texts in the Text Dialog | ||
* New editor for texts & scripts with syntax coloring and bracket matching | * New editor for texts & scripts with syntax coloring and bracket matching | ||
− | * Zip[<Expression>,<var 1>,<list 1>, ...] -- | + | * Zip[<Expression>,<var 1>,<list 1>, ...] -- ad es. Zip[Midpoint[A,B],A,list1,B,list2] is shortcut for |
Sequence[Midpoint[list1(k),list2(k)],k,1,Min[Length[list1],Length[list2]] | Sequence[Midpoint[list1(k),list2(k)],k,1,Min[Length[list1],Length[list2]] | ||
* Added the Gaussian Error Function erf(x) | * Added the Gaussian Error Function erf(x) | ||
* Loci can now be filled / hatched | * Loci can now be filled / hatched | ||
− | * ImplicitCurve[ <List of | + | * ImplicitCurve[ <List of punti> ] |
− | Number of | + | Number of punti in the list must be 9, 14, 20, 26, 33, etc |
Implicit curves created this way can be transformed with: Translate, Rotate, Dilate (Enlarge), Reflect (in point or line) | Implicit curves created this way can be transformed with: Translate, Rotate, Dilate (Enlarge), Reflect (in point or line) | ||
Riga 285: | Riga 282: | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Extremum_Command Extremum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>]] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Extremum_Command Extremum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>]] | ||
− | + | calcola the extremums of the function between left-x and right-x. | |
Function should be continuous in the interval, otherwise false | Function should be continuous in the interval, otherwise false | ||
extremums near discontinuity might be calculated. | extremums near discontinuity might be calculated. | ||
Riga 319: | Riga 316: | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Factor_Command Factor[ <Expression> ]] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Factor_Command Factor[ <Expression> ]] | ||
− | Factor has been much improved and | + | Factor has been much improved and restituisce better answers for simple factoring and also now |
copes with much harder problems eg Factor[ x^33 - 1 ] | copes with much harder problems eg Factor[ x^33 - 1 ] | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Vertex_Command Vertex[<Polygon>]] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Vertex_Command Vertex[<Polygon>]] | ||
− | + | Restituisce vertices of polygon | |
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Integral_Command Integral[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Boolean Evaluate> ]] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Integral_Command Integral[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Boolean Evaluate> ]] | ||
Riga 332: | Riga 329: | ||
* [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Histogram_Command Histogram[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]] | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Histogram_Command Histogram[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]] | ||
− | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Histogram_Command Histogram[ <Boolean | + | * [http://wiki.geogebra.org/en/Histogram_Command Histogram[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]] |
− | New options for | + | New options for Cumulativa histograms and density scaling. |
If Use Density = true histogram bar heights follow the rule: | If Use Density = true histogram bar heights follow the rule: | ||
height = (scaling factor * frequency) / class width | height = (scaling factor * frequency) / class width | ||
Riga 341: | Riga 338: | ||
==New Commands== | ==New Commands== | ||
− | '''Commands marked * also work in the CAS | + | '''Commands marked * also work in the Vista CAS''' |
* Identity[ <Number> ] | * Identity[ <Number> ] | ||
− | + | genera an Identity matrix of the specified order | |
* Incircle[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point> ] | * Incircle[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point> ] | ||
Riga 350: | Riga 347: | ||
* GetTime[] | * GetTime[] | ||
− | + | Restituisce a list such as {647, 59, 39, 23, 28, 2, 2011, "February", "Monday", 2} | |
ie the current date and time in this order: | ie the current date and time in this order: | ||
milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours (0 - 23), date, month (1-12), year, month (as text), day (as text), day (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday etc) | milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours (0 - 23), date, month (1-12), year, month (as text), day (as text), day (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday etc) | ||
Riga 359: | Riga 356: | ||
* Min[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ] | * Min[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the minimum point for function in the given interval. | |
Function should only have one minimum point in the interval. | Function should only have one minimum point in the interval. | ||
* Max <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ] | * Max <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the maximum point for function in the given interval. | |
Function should only have on maximum point in the interval. | Function should only have on maximum point in the interval. | ||
* Maximize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ] | * Maximize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the independent number which restituisce the maximal value of | |
the dependent number. | the dependent number. | ||
The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval | The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval | ||
Riga 377: | Riga 374: | ||
* Minimize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ] | * Minimize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the independent number which restituisce the minimal value of | |
the dependent number. | the dependent number. | ||
The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval | The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval | ||
Riga 385: | Riga 382: | ||
* LeftSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles> ] | * LeftSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the left sum of the function on the interval [a, b] using n rectangles. | |
Note: This command draws the rectangles of the left sum as well. | Note: This command draws the rectangles of the left sum as well. | ||
* RectangleSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles>, <Position for rectangle start> ] | * RectangleSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles>, <Position for rectangle start> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the sum of rectangles with left height starting at a | |
fraction d of each interval using n rectangles. (0<=d<=1). | fraction d of each interval using n rectangles. (0<=d<=1). | ||
When d=0 this is equivalent to the LowerSum[] command and when d=1 the UpperSum[] command. | When d=0 this is equivalent to the LowerSum[] command and when d=1 the UpperSum[] command. | ||
Riga 400: | Riga 397: | ||
* Ordinal[ < Integer> ] | * Ordinal[ < Integer> ] | ||
turns a number into an ordinal (as a text) | turns a number into an ordinal (as a text) | ||
− | eg Ordinal[5] | + | eg Ordinal[5] restituisce "5th" in English |
* PathParameter[ <Point on Path> ] | * PathParameter[ <Point on Path> ] | ||
Riga 408: | Riga 405: | ||
* PrimeFactors[ <Number> ] | * PrimeFactors[ <Number> ] | ||
− | + | Restituisce a list of prime factors (works for numbers up to 9 007 199 254 740 992) | |
− | eg PrimeFactors[1] | + | eg PrimeFactors[1] Restituisce {} |
− | eg PrimeFactors[23] | + | eg PrimeFactors[23] Restituisce {23} |
− | eg PrimeFactors[24] | + | eg PrimeFactors[24] Restituisce {2, 2, 2, 3} |
* PrimeFactorization[<Number>] | * PrimeFactorization[<Number>] | ||
− | + | Restituisce list of punti (prime,exponent). ad es. PrimeFactorization[3072] Restituisce {(2,10),(3,1)} | |
* IndexOf[ <Object>, <List> ] | * IndexOf[ <Object>, <List> ] | ||
* IndexOf[ <Object>, <List>, <Start Index> ] | * IndexOf[ <Object>, <List>, <Start Index> ] | ||
Riga 420: | Riga 417: | ||
* StemPlot[ <List> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List> ] | * StemPlot[ <List> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List> ] | ||
* StemPlot[ <List> , <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] | * StemPlot[ <List> , <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] | ||
− | *ResidualPlot[<List of | + | *ResidualPlot[<List of punti>, <Function>] |
*DotPlot[<List of Numbers>] | *DotPlot[<List of Numbers>] | ||
*FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Heights> ] | *FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Heights> ] | ||
*FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] | *FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] | ||
− | *FrequencyPolygon[ <Boolean | + | *FrequencyPolygon[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] |
− | * Hull[ <List of | + | * Hull[ <List of punti> ,<Percentage> ] |
Produces a "Characteristic Hull" as described here: http://www.geosensor.net/papers/duckham08.PR.pdf | Produces a "Characteristic Hull" as described here: http://www.geosensor.net/papers/duckham08.PR.pdf | ||
When the percentage is 1, the Convex Hull is produced. As the percentage is decreased, the area of the hull decreases. | When the percentage is 1, the Convex Hull is produced. As the percentage is decreased, the area of the hull decreases. | ||
− | * ConvexHull[ <List of | + | * ConvexHull[ <List of punti> ] |
− | * MinimumSpanningTree[ <List of | + | * MinimumSpanningTree[ <List of punti> ] |
− | * DelauneyTriangulation[ <List of | + | * DelauneyTriangulation[ <List of punti> ] |
− | * TravelingSalesman[ <List of | + | * TravelingSalesman[ <List of punti> ] |
− | * Voronoi[ <List of | + | * Voronoi[ <List of punti> ] |
Draws a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram Voronoi Diagram ] | Draws a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram Voronoi Diagram ] | ||
* ShortestDistance[ <List of Segments>, <Start Point>, <End Point>, <Boolean Weighted> ] | * ShortestDistance[ <List of Segments>, <Start Point>, <End Point>, <Boolean Weighted> ] | ||
Riga 444: | Riga 441: | ||
* ToolImage[ <Number> ] | * ToolImage[ <Number> ] | ||
− | Copies the icon for the selected Tool into the | + | Copies the icon for the selected Tool into the Vista Grafica. The numbers for each Tool are detailed here: |
http://www.geogebra.org/trac/browser/trunk/geogebra/geogebra/euclidian/EuclidianConstants.java | http://www.geogebra.org/trac/browser/trunk/geogebra/geogebra/euclidian/EuclidianConstants.java | ||
Riga 455: | Riga 452: | ||
* RotateText[ <Text>, <Angle> ] | * RotateText[ <Text>, <Angle> ] | ||
− | * PolyLine[ <List of | + | * PolyLine[ <List of punti> ] |
* PolyLine[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point>, ... ] | * PolyLine[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point>, ... ] | ||
Riga 483: | Riga 480: | ||
Useful in Scripting. Updates all random numbers (like Ctrl-R) | Useful in Scripting. Updates all random numbers (like Ctrl-R) | ||
* Execute[<List of strings>] | * Execute[<List of strings>] | ||
− | Executes list of commands, | + | Executes list of commands, ad es. Execute[Join[{"f_{1}=1","f_{2}=1"},Sequence["f_{"+(i+2)+"}=f_{"+(i+1)+"}+f_{"+i+"}",i,1,10]]]. |
* Execute[<List of strings>,<Parameter %0>,....,<Parameter %9>] | * Execute[<List of strings>,<Parameter %0>,....,<Parameter %9>] | ||
− | Replaces %x for parameter %x. Executes list of resulting commands, | + | Replaces %x for parameter %x. Executes list of resulting commands, ad es. Execute[{"Midpoint[%0,%1]"},A,B}]. |
* ApplyMatrix[ <Matrix>, <Object> ] | * ApplyMatrix[ <Matrix>, <Object> ] | ||
* RandomElement[ <List> ] | * RandomElement[ <List> ] | ||
Riga 493: | Riga 490: | ||
* ReducedRowEchelonForm[ <Matrix> ] | * ReducedRowEchelonForm[ <Matrix> ] | ||
* SampleSD[ <List of Numbers> ] | * SampleSD[ <List of Numbers> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the Sample Standard Devation | |
− | * SampleSDX[ <List of | + | * SampleSDX[ <List of punti> ], SampleSDY[ <List of punti> ] |
Calculate the Sample Standard Devation of one coordinate | Calculate the Sample Standard Devation of one coordinate | ||
− | * SDX[ <List of | + | * SDX[ <List of punti> ], SDY[ <List of punti> ] |
Calculate the Standard Devation of one coordinate | Calculate the Standard Devation of one coordinate | ||
* SampleVariance[ <List of Numbers> ] | * SampleVariance[ <List of Numbers> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the Sample Variance | |
− | *Spearman[<List of | + | *Spearman[<List of punti>] |
*Spearman[<List of Numbers>, <List of Numbers>] | *Spearman[<List of Numbers>, <List of Numbers>] | ||
− | + | calcola Spearman's Correlation Coefficient | |
* Point[ <List> ] | * Point[ <List> ] | ||
Riga 521: | Riga 518: | ||
eg ParseToFunction[f,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script | eg ParseToFunction[f,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script | ||
− | * Polygon[ <List of | + | * Polygon[ <List of punti> ] |
− | * FitGrowth[<List of | + | * FitGrowth[<List of punti>] |
− | Fits a function of the form a*b^x to the | + | Fits a function of the form a*b^x to the punti in the list. |
(Just like FitExp[], but to avoid the number e, as e is unknown to some pupils | (Just like FitExp[], but to avoid the number e, as e is unknown to some pupils | ||
even if they know the exponential growth function.) | even if they know the exponential growth function.) | ||
− | * Fit[<List of | + | * Fit[<List of punti>,<List of Functions>] |
− | Fits a linear combination of functions to the | + | Fits a linear combination of functions to the punti in the list. |
− | For example, with | + | For example, with punti A, B, C, ... |
L={A, B, C, ...}, f(x)=1, g(x)=x, h(x)=e^x, F={f,g,h} | L={A, B, C, ...}, f(x)=1, g(x)=x, h(x)=e^x, F={f,g,h} | ||
the command | the command | ||
Fit{L,F} | Fit{L,F} | ||
− | + | restituisce a minimum squared errors curve fitting fit(x) = a + b x + c e^x | |
− | * SumSquaredErrors[ <List of | + | * SumSquaredErrors[ <List of punti>, <Function> ] |
− | + | calcola the sum of squared errors, SSE, between the y-values | |
− | of the | + | of the punti in the list and the function values of the |
x-values in the list. | x-values in the list. | ||
− | If we have some | + | If we have some punti in a list: L={A,B,C,D,E} |
and have done for example: | and have done for example: | ||
f(x)=RegPoly[L,1] and g(x)=RegPoly[L,2] | f(x)=RegPoly[L,1] and g(x)=RegPoly[L,2] | ||
Riga 547: | Riga 544: | ||
sse_f=SumSquaredErrors[L,f] and sse_g=SumSquaredErrors[L,g]. | sse_f=SumSquaredErrors[L,f] and sse_g=SumSquaredErrors[L,g]. | ||
− | * RSquare[ <List of | + | * RSquare[ <List of punti>, <Function> ] |
* Numerator[ <Function> ] * | * Numerator[ <Function> ] * | ||
Riga 559: | Riga 556: | ||
* Coefficients[ <Polynomial> ] * | * Coefficients[ <Polynomial> ] * | ||
* Coeffcients[ <Conic> ] | * Coeffcients[ <Conic> ] | ||
− | + | Restituisce a list with the coefficients of: x², y², 1, xy, x, y | |
* Div[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] * | * Div[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] * | ||
* Mod[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] * | * Mod[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] * | ||
Riga 602: | Riga 599: | ||
* Element[ <Matrix>, <Column>, <Row> ] | * Element[ <Matrix>, <Column>, <Row> ] | ||
− | * TDistribution[ < | + | * TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ] |
− | * InverseTDistribution[ < | + | * InverseTDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ] |
− | * FDistribution[ <Numerator | + | * FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ] |
− | * InverseFDistribution[ <Numerator | + | * InverseFDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ] |
* Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Variable Value> ] | * Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* InverseGamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Probability> ] | * InverseGamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Probability> ] | ||
* Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | * Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* InverseCauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Probability> ] | * InverseCauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * ChiSquared[ < | + | * ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ] |
− | * InverseChiSquared[ < | + | * InverseChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ] |
* Exponential[ <Mean>, <Variable Value>] | * Exponential[ <Mean>, <Variable Value>] | ||
* InverseExponential[ <Mean>, <Probability> ] | * InverseExponential[ <Mean>, <Probability> ] | ||
* Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | * Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* InverseWeibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Probability> ] | * InverseWeibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value>, <Boolean | + | * Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* InverseBinomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | * InverseBinomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean | + | * Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* InversePascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | * InversePascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * Poisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean | + | * Poisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* InversePoisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | * InversePoisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean | + | * HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* InverseHyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Probability> ] | * InverseHyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Probability> ] | ||
− | * Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean | + | * Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* InverseZipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Probability> ] | * InverseZipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Probability> ] | ||
Riga 636: | Riga 633: | ||
* SetCoords[ <Point>, <x>, <y> ] | * SetCoords[ <Point>, <x>, <y> ] | ||
* SetFilling[ <Object>, <Number> ] | * SetFilling[ <Object>, <Number> ] | ||
− | * | + | * Setpuntiize[ <Point>, <Number> ] |
− | * | + | * Setpuntityle[ <Point>, <Number> ] |
* SetLineThickness[ <Line>, <Number> ] | * SetLineThickness[ <Line>, <Number> ] | ||
* SetLineStyle[ <Line>, <Number> ] | * SetLineStyle[ <Line>, <Number> ] | ||
Riga 677: | Riga 674: | ||
*Classes[ <List of Data>, <Start>, <Width of Classes> ] | *Classes[ <List of Data>, <Start>, <Width of Classes> ] | ||
*Classes[ <List of Data>, <Number of Classes> ] | *Classes[ <List of Data>, <Number of Classes> ] | ||
− | + | restituisce a list of class boundaries. | |
*Frequency[ <List of Raw Data> ] | *Frequency[ <List of Raw Data> ] | ||
− | *Frequency[ < | + | *Frequency[ <Cumulativa>, <List of Raw Data>] |
*Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, ] | *Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, ] | ||
− | *Frequency[ < | + | *Frequency[ <Cumulativa>,<List of Class Boundaries>,<List of Raw Data>] |
*Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] | *Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] | ||
− | *Frequency[ <Boolean | + | *Frequency[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ] |
− | + | restituisce a list of frequencies. | |
− | * Fit[ <List of | + | * Fit[ <List of punti>, <Function> ] |
* Intersect[ <Function>, <Function> ] | * Intersect[ <Function>, <Function> ] | ||
Riga 695: | Riga 692: | ||
* ZoomIn[ <Min x>, <Min y>, <Max x>, <Max y> ] | * ZoomIn[ <Min x>, <Min y>, <Max x>, <Max y> ] | ||
− | * Corner[ < | + | * Corner[ <Vista Grafica>, <Corner Number> ] |
* Roots[ <Function>, <left-x>, <right-x> ] | * Roots[ <Function>, <left-x>, <right-x> ] | ||
− | + | calcola the roots for function in the given interval. | |
* CompleteSquare[ <Quadratic Function> ] | * CompleteSquare[ <Quadratic Function> ] | ||
The following commands draw a function for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf) | The following commands draw a function for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf) | ||
− | * TDistribution[ < | + | * TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x ] |
− | * TDistribution[ < | + | * TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>] |
− | * FDistributionSyntax=FDistribution[ <Numerator | + | * FDistributionSyntax=FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x ] |
− | * FDistribution[ <Numerator | + | * FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x ] | * Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x ] | ||
− | * Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x, <Boolean | + | * Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x ] | * Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x ] | ||
− | * Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean | + | * Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
− | * ChiSquared[ < | + | * ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x ] |
− | * ChiSquared[ < | + | * ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Exponential[ <Lambda>, x ] | * Exponential[ <Lambda>, x ] | ||
− | * Exponential[ <Lambda>, x, <Boolean | + | * Exponential[ <Lambda>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x ] | * Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x ] | ||
− | * Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean | + | * Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ] | * Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ] | ||
− | * Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean | + | * Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>] |
* LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ] | * LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ] | ||
− | * LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean | + | * LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>] |
* LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, <Variable Value> ] | * LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x ] | * Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x ] | ||
− | * Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x, <Boolean | + | * Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Variable Value> ] | * Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x ] | * Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x ] | ||
− | * Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean | + | * Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | * Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
* Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x ] | * Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x ] | ||
− | * Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x, <Boolean | + | * Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, <Variable Value> ] | * Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, <Variable Value> ] | ||
The following commands draw a Bar Chart for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf) | The following commands draw a Bar Chart for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf) | ||
− | * Bernoulli[ <Probability>, <Boolean | + | * Bernoulli[ <Probability>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ] | * Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ] | ||
− | * Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean | + | * Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Poisson[ <Mean> ] | * Poisson[ <Mean> ] | ||
− | * Poisson[ <Mean>, <Boolean | + | * Poisson[ <Mean>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ] | * Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ] | ||
− | * Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean | + | * Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size> ] | * HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size> ] | ||
− | * HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Boolean | + | * HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
* Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent> ] | * Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent> ] | ||
− | * Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Boolean | + | * Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ] |
Riga 755: | Riga 752: | ||
* '''<Tab>''' Select next object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked) | * '''<Tab>''' Select next object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked) | ||
* '''<Shift><Tab>''' Select previous object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked) | * '''<Shift><Tab>''' Select previous object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked) | ||
− | * '''<Ctrl><Tab>''' toggles focus between | + | * '''<Ctrl><Tab>''' toggles focus between Vista Grafica and the Spreadsheet |
* '''<Page Up>''' increases layer of the selected objects | * '''<Page Up>''' increases layer of the selected objects | ||
* '''<Page Down>''' decreases layer of the selected objects | * '''<Page Down>''' decreases layer of the selected objects | ||
− | * The Following work (together with Alt, Shift, Ctrl modifiers) to pan the | + | * The Following work (together with Alt, Shift, Ctrl modifiers) to pan the Vista Grafica when '''no objects are selected''': |
** '''<Page Up>''' Go up one screen's worth | ** '''<Page Up>''' Go up one screen's worth | ||
** '''<Page Down>''' Go down one screen's worth | ** '''<Page Down>''' Go down one screen's worth | ||
Riga 767: | Riga 764: | ||
** '''Up arrow''' Go up 1% of the screen's height | ** '''Up arrow''' Go up 1% of the screen's height | ||
** '''Down arrow''' Go down 1% of the screen's height | ** '''Down arrow''' Go down 1% of the screen's height | ||
− | * '''<Ctrl>M''' Revert to standard view in the | + | * '''<Ctrl>M''' Revert to standard view in the Vista Grafica |
* '''<Ctrl><Shift>M''' Share | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>M''' Share | ||
− | * '''Menu button''' (on keyboard) opens | + | * '''Menu button''' (on keyboard) opens Vista Grafica menu / Object finestra di dialogo Proprietà |
* '''Spacebar''' Toggle checkbox (if selected) | * '''Spacebar''' Toggle checkbox (if selected) | ||
* '''Spacebar''' run scripts (if selected) eg for a Button | * '''Spacebar''' run scripts (if selected) eg for a Button | ||
Riga 776: | Riga 773: | ||
* '''<Home>''' go to start of row (in spreadsheet) | * '''<Home>''' go to start of row (in spreadsheet) | ||
* '''<Ctrl><Home>''' go to cell A1 (in spreadsheet) | * '''<Ctrl><Home>''' go to cell A1 (in spreadsheet) | ||
− | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>K''' Show/Hide CAS | + | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>K''' Show/Hide Vista CAS |
* '''<Ctrl><Shift>L''' Show/Hide Construction Protocol | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>L''' Show/Hide Construction Protocol | ||
− | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>1''' Show/Hide | + | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>1''' Show/Hide Vista Grafica |
− | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>2''' Show/Hide | + | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>2''' Show/Hide Vista Grafica 2 |
* '''<Ctrl><Shift>3''' Reserved (for 3D View in future) | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>3''' Reserved (for 3D View in future) | ||
* '''<Ctrl><Shift>Z''' Redo | * '''<Ctrl><Shift>Z''' Redo | ||
Riga 785: | Riga 782: | ||
* Click and drag middle button (scroll wheel) to pan view or rescale the axes | * Click and drag middle button (scroll wheel) to pan view or rescale the axes | ||
* '''<F1>''' Help / Help on current command | * '''<F1>''' Help / Help on current command | ||
− | * '''<Alt>i''' | + | * '''<Alt>i''' restituisce the new symbol for sqrt(-1) ί |
* '''<Alt>u''' ∞ (was <Alt>i) | * '''<Alt>u''' ∞ (was <Alt>i) | ||
− | * '''<Alt>*''' | + | * '''<Alt>*''' restituisce ⊗ (Vector Product) |
− | * '''<Alt>-''' now | + | * '''<Alt>-''' now restituisce a superscript minus (not minus-or-plus) |
− | * <Tab> cycles through matching commands ( | + | * <Tab> cycles through matching commands (barra di inserimento) |
Description of all [[Keyboard Shortcuts]] | Description of all [[Keyboard Shortcuts]] |
Versione delle 14:13, 3 dic 2011
Questa pagina elenca una panoramica delle nuove caratteristiche di GeoGebra 4.0. È disponibile il nuovo Manuale di GeoGebra che contiene le descrizioni dettagliate di tutti i nuovi strumenti e comandi.
Per installare GeoGebra 4.0 basta fare clic su Webstart oppure utilizzare le opzioni di Download.
GeoGebra 4.0 non è eseguibile con Java 1.4.2, quindi è necessario installare almeno la versione 5 di Java, disponibile su java.com
Compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2
I dettagli relativi alla compatibilità con GeoGebra 3.2 sono disponibili qui.
GeoGebraPrim
La versione di GeoGebra dedicata agli studenti della scuola primaria è disponibile qui.
* Disponibilità di un numero ristretto di strumenti * Tutti gli strumenti disponibili sono visibili * Dimensione dei caratteri aumentata * Oggetti più grandi e con spessore maggiore del tratto * Visualizzazione della sola Vista Grafica * Selezione degli oggetti semplificata * Etichettatura degli oggetti disattivata (impostazione predefinita) * Angoli sempre tra 0° e 180° (impostazione predefinita) * Arrotondamento all'intero successivo (impostazione predefinita)
Strumenti
Nuovi strumenti
Consente la creazione di un punto all'interno di un poligono, un cerchio o un'ellisse, facendo clic nella posizione desiderata
Mantenere premuto <Alt> per vincolare un punto nell'interno di una forma (invece che al bordo)
Draw a rectangle with the Move Tool first to draw onto a selected region of the Vista Grafica, or select an existing image first to draw into it. Right-hand mouse button acts as an eraser.
Changed Tools
This has been completely rewritten so that dynamic texts are now very easy to make.
Just select the object you want to insert from the "Objects" drop-down menu and it will appear in a rectangle to indicate that it is a dynamic object, not plain text.
If you right-click on the rectangle, you can select "Definition" or "Value" for each dynamic object. There is also now a preview, a Symbol drop-down menu and a row of recently used symbols.
Also, Texts can now be moved by dragging while the Text Tool is selected.
Sliders can now be only moved by dragging while the Slider Tool is selected, or dragging with the right-hand mouse button when the Move Tool is selected.
Checkboxes can now be moved by dragging while the Checkbox Tool is selected.
You can now create a locus from a slider and a dependent point.
New Features
New Object Types
- Implicit Curves, ad es. x^3 + y^2 = 1 are drawn in the Vista Grafica.
- Multivariate functions, ad es. f(x, y) = x^2 + y^2
You can also use them to define single variable functions, ad es. g(x) = f(x, 2) and functions of several variables eg f(a,b,c)=a+b+c
- PolyLine
Like a Polygon, but not closed and not filled. See the PolyLine Tool.
eg 10 ≤ x < 20 You can use the commands MidPoint, Max, Min on these.
General Features
- added function log(b, x) for base b
- Worksheet export: Option to embed the ggb file into the HTML (encoded as Base64, uses the 'ggbBase64' parameter)
- Export as 'Animated GIF' (animation is controlled using a slider as the "clock")
- Compass Tool allows selecting a circle first then a center point
- 'Integer' and 'Random' option for sliders
- File -> Open Webpage allows loading of ggb files from webpages by pasting a URL from a browser (ending .html or .ggb). Also allows loading of files encoded as a Base 64 or GeoGebra XML string.
- "Show trimmed intersecting lines" option for intersection punti
- Tooltip options (Object Properties -> Advanced) On, Off, Caption, Next Cell, Automatic (old behaviour: only when Vista Algebra is open)
- Proper display of formulas and matrices in the spreadsheet
- When an expression like ab + 1 is entered, if the variable ab is undefined then it is automatically created as ab = a * b if a and b are Numbers, or ab = Distance[a,b] if a and b are punti.
- FormulaText[ <Matrix> ], FormulaText[ <Vector> ] now display nicely
- support for csc(x), sec(x), cot(x), csch(x), sech(x), coth(x) and derivatives
- Vista Algebra: you can now shift-click to select multiple objects
- sqrt(3 + i), cbrt(3 + i), conjugate(3 + i), arg(3 + i)
- "Import Data" option in the Spreadsheet context menu
- Windows-style keycodes now work in Text Fields (eg Alt-0176 for °) [not Mac OSX]
- Support for entering Unicode digits as part of expressions eg Eastern Arabic, Thai
All the number systems detailed here (except Osmanya) are supported: Hindu-Arabic Numeral System
- Syntax a = a + 1 or A = A + (1, 2) now allowed for free objects (useful in buttons)
- Percentages now allowed eg a = 3.4%
- Support for numbers to be displayed using localised digits (currently in Arabic, Tamil, Thai and Malayalam locales)
- Support for superscript powers with more then one digit, eg y = x²², x⁻¹
- Alt-minus now restituisce a superscript minus (not minus-or-plus)
- In Greek and Arabic, punti are labelled in the local alphabet
- Snap to grid works when dragging Texts, Images, Polygons, Segments, Vectors etc (uses first point)
- Polygons can be created from a list of punti with Polygon[list].
- You can now drag the edge of a Polygon
- Much better looking LaTeX equazioni and an almost complete implementation of LaTeX now supported (using JLaTeXMath)
- allow LaTeX captions (surround by $ $ ) (all objects except Checkbox, TextField and Button)
- Dynamic "snap to object/grid" when drawing a new object.
- Auto-adjust radius of visible angles
- Colored bracket-matching in the barra di inserimento etc
- Preview for the Angle, Perpendicular Line, Parallel Line, Angle Bisector and Perpendicular Bisector Tools
- Support for eg sin²(x), sin³(x), sin⁻¹(x) for entering functions
- Support for eg f(x) = sin²(x) as display eg FormulaText[ sin(x)^2 ]
- Parametric Curves can now be transformed, eg Reflect[Curve[t^2, t^3, t, -1, 1], yAxis]
- Hit testing in the Vista Grafica for Integral, Slope, Boxplot, BarChart, Histogram
- Option for zero line thickness for Integral, Slope, BarChart, Histogram, Angle
- Applets now automatically get the keyboard focus
- Simpler dynamic texts: a"text"b is equivalent to a+"text"+b
- Help -> About -> Copy to Clipboard copies debugging information to the clipboard.
This can allow you to recreate your work eg if there is a problem saving - Ctrl-Shift-M copies just the <applet> tag to the clipboard ready to paste into MediaWiki, Moodle etc etc
- Caption options:
- %v for value
- %n for name
- %x for x-coordinate (or x coefficient for the line a x + b y + c = 0)
- %y for y-coordinate (or y coefficient for the line a x + b y + c = 0)
- %z for the 'c' term for the line a x + b y + c = 0 (also: z-coordinate, ready for a 3D View)
- Custom Tools can now have angles, integrals, lower/upper sums, histograms, boxplots and barcharts as an output.
- Custom Tools with Numeric and Angle inputs as first input can be now used by just clicking in the Vista Grafica to activate the dialog.
- Tracing for Polygons, liste and Loci (useful for eg SolveODE[x + y, y² - 1, x(A), y(A), 5, 0.05] )
- Right-click with multiple objects selected now opens a menu, not Object Properties
- Popup chooser when multiple objects are clicked removed.
- Texts created in the barra di inserimento are now put in the middle of the Vista Grafica (not at the origin)
- Texts and Loci now visible in the Vista Algebra (Auxiliary impostazione predefinita)
- Option in the Style Bar for the Vista Algebra to list objects by type
- Dynamic slider range and increment
- New Graphic Export options: Transparent PNGs and EMF+
- New Worksheet Export options: Allow Rescaling, Remove Line Breaks, Use Browser for JavaScript scripts
- Options to export multiple worksheets to HTML: Single File (Tabs) and Linked Files
- Dynamic Opacity in Object Properties -> Advanced
- Dynamic Color options for RGB, HSL, HSV in Object Properties -> Advanced
- Lines can now behave like functions, eg
a:y=2x a(3)
- Hold down Alt when drawing a Polygon or PolyLine to get angles that are a multiple of 15°
- Construction Protocol export to HTML improved (eg included Tool icons)
- atan2(x,y)
- "Increasing (Once)" option for animating
- liste are now draggable, eg {a, b, Segment[D, F], (-0.22, 1.82)}
- Function labels drawn nicely for 'Value' and 'Name & Value' (using LaTeX)
- Interpolation for Images can be turned off (Object Properties > Style)
- Vector product syntax: u ⊗ v
(<Alt>* for ⊗ symbol)
- When multiple sliders are selected, they can be changed in unison with arrow keys
- When exactly two sliders are selected, Up/Down changes one slider, Left/Right changes the other
- Special symbol for sqrt(-1) <Alt>i
- Construction Protocol HTML is saved with some extra information so it can be reloaded into GeoGebra with File -> Open
- Gaussian Error Function erf(x)
- Slider dialog now accepts eg "a=2" in the Name field
- "Use Java Fonts for LaTeX texts" option added
- "Reverse Mouse Wheel" option added
- "Return angle from inverse trig functions" option added
- Degree symbol automatically inserted in the Rotate Tool's dialog box
- Select objects with the selection rectangle before selecting the "Copy Visual Style" Tool
- LaTeX rendering for functions in the Vista Algebra (option, can be turned off in the style bar)
- Click-and-hold on a Tool button to show the other Tools available
Inequalities
- Inverse Filling option
- Conics supported, eg x² + y² < 25
- Functions supported, eg y < sin(x)
- Inverse functions supported, eg x<sin(y)+y
New Spreadsheet Features
- Data Analysis dialog
- Trace to Spreadsheet dialog
- Create table
- Import data file
Experimental Features
- Tools > Manage tools > Open
- Export to Asymptote
- "Show Online Help" button on Syntax Error
- more efficient dynamic LaTeX texts with eg \frac{x_A}{y_A}=\jlmDynamic{x(A)/y(A)}
- Intervals: "3 < x && x < 5" converted to "3 < x < 5"
- Intersect[line,polygon]
- booleans in functions, eg f(x) = x (x == round(x))
- Intersections and unions of polygons
- Probability calculator
- positive-direction-only axes, adjustable axis crossing, polar grid, "On Edge" option
- Background color for Texts & hatching (at the moment the only way to set this is in the spreadsheet or stylebar)
- SolveODE[ <f'(x,y)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <End x>, <Step> ]
- SolveODE[ <y'>, <x'>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <End t>, <Step> ]
- SolveODE[ <b(x)>, <c(x)>, <f(x)>, <Start x>, <Start y>, <Start y'>, <End x>, <Step> ]
also see FillCells[ ], First[ <Locus>, <Number> ] and Length[ <Locus> ] commands
- Two Vista Graficas
- Hatching & Image fill for Polygons, Conics, Slope, UpperSum etc
- StemPlot[ <List> ]
- StemPlot[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ]
- PlaySound[ <Note>, <Duration>, <Length>]
- PlaySound[ <Note Sequence>, <Instrument> ]
- PlaySound[ <File> ]
- Shear[object,line,ratio]
- Stretch[object,line,ratio]
Note that line can be also segment or vector.
- PointIn[x>0 && y>0 && x+y<3]
<param = "useBrowserForJS" value = "true"/>
- HTML5 export
- FormulaText[If[x < 3, x, x + 1]]
- Upload to GeoGebra
- Compound paths, eg Point[{Segment[B, A], Segment[B, C], Segment[B, D], (1,1), Circle[A,B], x y = 1}]
eg Point[{Segment[D, C], Semicircle[B, C], Segment[B, A], Semicircle[D, A]}]
- Animation of punti on Paths (eg circles, lines, compound paths)
- Point[x>3]
- Distance[ <Point>, <Object> ]
- ClosestPoint[ <Point>, <Object> ]
These two commands work for Circles, Curves, Lines, Segments, Parabolas, Hyperbolas, Ellipses, Implicit Curves & Loci. For functions they work on vertical distance. Also Distance[ <Point>, <Segment> ] now works properly.
- Preview for LaTeX texts in the Text Dialog
- New editor for texts & scripts with syntax coloring and bracket matching
- Zip[<Expression>,,<list 1>, ...] -- ad es. Zip[Midpoint[A,B],A,list1,B,list2] is shortcut for
Sequence[Midpoint[list1(k),list2(k)],k,1,Min[Length[list1],Length[list2]]
- Added the Gaussian Error Function erf(x)
- Loci can now be filled / hatched
- ImplicitCurve[ <List of punti> ]
Number of punti in the list must be 9, 14, 20, 26, 33, etc
Implicit curves created this way can be transformed with: Translate, Rotate, Dilate (Enlarge), Reflect (in point or line)
Scripting
All GeoGebra objects can now have a script associated with them. This can be a list of GeoGebra commands and/or some JavaScript. So for example an image or a circle can now act as a button.
The new Button and TextField objects have been specifically designed to support scripts.
When you type some text into a textfield and press <Enter>, the text is passed to a script as %0, so you can have commands such as:
text = "%0"
Text[%0,(3,4)]
The text is also passed to JavaScript as a variable 'arg' allowing commands such as:
ggbApplet.evalCommand('input="' + arg + '"');
GeoGebra now has a built-in JavaScript interpreter. When exporting to a dynamic worksheet, the JavaScript for each button is exported to a separate function in the HTML file and the browser is used to run the JavaScript.
The Global JavaScript is available to all functions, and is also exported to the HTML file.
Extra supported commands:
* alert("hello"); * prompt("What's your favorite software","GeoGebra");
List Operations
<Object> ∈ <List> is an element of
<List> ⊆ <List> is subset of
<List> ⊂ <List> is subset of (strict)
<List> \ <List> set difference
Virtual Keyboard
View the new on-screen keyboard by going to View -> Show Keyboard
It will be transparent if you are running Java 1.6.0_10 or higher on a supported Operating System / Graphics Card (Go to Help -> About to check)
- Keyboards for Math, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Korean, Hindi, French, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Malayalam, Czech, Croatian, Hungarian, Persian, Spanish and English (US and UK) including all accents etc
- Supports entering Windows-style alt keycodes, eg <Alt>0176
- Supports different keyboard layouts according to locale
- Works in all applications, not just GeoGebra
- Window can be resized
- AltGr shows accents on the bottom row in all languages. Supported accents: acute, grave, circumflex, cedilla, umlaut, caron, tilde, breve, dot above, ogonek, ring above, double acute, solidus, dialytika tonos
Commands
Improved Commands
Makes a locus from a slider and a dependent point
calcola the extremums of the function between left-x and right-x. Function should be continuous in the interval, otherwise false extremums near discontinuity might be calculated. (previously worked only for polynomials)
- Intersect[ <Implicit Curve> , <Implicit Curve> ]
- Intersect[ <Implicit Curve> , <Conic> ]
- Intersect[ <Implicit Curve> , <Line> ]
- Intersect[ <Implicit Curve> , <Function> ]
- Tangent[ <Conic>, <Point> ] now allowed as well as Tangent[ <Point>, <Conic> ]
- Tangent[ <Function>, <Point> ] now allowed as well as Tangent[ <Point>, <Function> ]
- Derivatives of multi-variate functions: f(x,y) = x^2 + y, Derivative[ f(x,y), x ], Derivative[ f(x,y), x, 2 ]
eg CountIf[ x == (1,2), {A, B, C} ] eg CountIf[ x == "hello", list ]
- TableText[ <Matrix>, <String> ] now supports brackets by specifying ||||, ||, {}, [] or () in the String, horizontal lines by specifying _ and vertical lines by specifying |
eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c()"] eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c|_"] eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c||"] eg TableText[{{1,2},{3,4}},"c||||"]
Simplify will now cancel factors from a fraction better, eg Simplify[(x-1)/(x^2-2x+1)]
Factor has been much improved and restituisce better answers for simple factoring and also now copes with much harder problems eg Factor[ x^33 - 1 ]
Restituisce vertices of polygon
- Integral[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Boolean Evaluate> ]
- IntegralBetween[ <Function>, <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ]
- IntegralBetween[ <Function>, <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Boolean Evaluate> ]
Integrals can be shaded but not computed when Evaluate = false
- Product[<List>,<Max index>] (similar to Sum[<List>,<Max index>])
- Histogram[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
- Histogram[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
New options for Cumulativa histograms and density scaling. If Use Density = true histogram bar heights follow the rule: height = (scaling factor * frequency) / class width If a scaling factor is not specified the default is one. When Use Density = false no density scaling is performed and histogram bar heights equal frequency values.
New Commands
Commands marked * also work in the Vista CAS
- Identity[ <Number> ]
genera an Identity matrix of the specified order
- Incircle[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point> ]
- FormulaText[ <Object>, <Boolean for Substitution of Variables>, <Boolean Show Name> ]
- GetTime[]
Restituisce a list such as {647, 59, 39, 23, 28, 2, 2011, "February", "Monday", 2} ie the current date and time in this order: milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours (0 - 23), date, month (1-12), year, month (as text), day (as text), day (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday etc)
- Min[ <Interval> ]
- Max[ <Interval> ]
- Midpoint[ <Interval> ]
- Min[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ]
calcola the minimum point for function in the given interval. Function should only have one minimum point in the interval.
- Max <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value> ]
calcola the maximum point for function in the given interval. Function should only have on maximum point in the interval.
- Maximize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ]
calcola the independent number which restituisce the maximal value of the dependent number. The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval will be used as the search interval. If the construction is complicated, this command might fail or quit to avoid using too much processor time.
- Minimize[ <Number dependent>, <Number independent> ]
calcola the independent number which restituisce the minimal value of the dependent number. The independent number must be a slider and the slider interval will be used as the search interval. If the construction is complicated, this command might fail or quit to avoid using too much processor time.
- LeftSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles> ]
calcola the left sum of the function on the interval [a, b] using n rectangles. Note: This command draws the rectangles of the left sum as well.
- RectangleSum[ <Function>, <Start x-Value>, <End x-Value>, <Number of Rectangles>, <Position for rectangle start> ]
calcola the sum of rectangles with left height starting at a fraction d of each interval using n rectangles. (0<=d<=1). When d=0 this is equivalent to the LowerSum[] command and when d=1 the UpperSum[] command. Note: This command draws the rectangles of the sum as well.
- StartAnimation[ ]
- StartAnimation[ <Slider> ]
- StartAnimation[ <Boolean> ]
- Ordinal[ < Integer> ]
turns a number into an ordinal (as a text) eg Ordinal[5] restituisce "5th" in English
- PathParameter[ <Point on Path> ]
eg turns a Point on Circle into a slider
- Point[ <Object>, <Parameter> ]
eg Point[c, a] (for a circle c and slider a)
- PrimeFactors[ <Number> ]
Restituisce a list of prime factors (works for numbers up to 9 007 199 254 740 992) eg PrimeFactors[1] Restituisce {} eg PrimeFactors[23] Restituisce {23} eg PrimeFactors[24] Restituisce {2, 2, 2, 3}
- PrimeFactorization[<Number>]
Restituisce list of punti (prime,exponent). ad es. PrimeFactorization[3072] Restituisce {(2,10),(3,1)}
- IndexOf[ <Object>, <List> ]
- IndexOf[ <Object>, <List>, <Start Index> ]
- IndexOf[ <Text>, <Text> ]
- IndexOf[ <Text>, <Text>, <Start Index> ]
- StemPlot[ <List> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List> ]
- StemPlot[ <List> , <Adjustment -1|0|1> ] (UK: StemAndLeaf[ <List>, <Adjustment -1|0|1> ]
- ResidualPlot[<List of punti>, <Function>]
- DotPlot[<List of Numbers>]
- FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Heights> ]
- FrequencyPolygon[ <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
- FrequencyPolygon[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
- Hull[ <List of punti> ,<Percentage> ]
Produces a "Characteristic Hull" as described here: http://www.geosensor.net/papers/duckham08.PR.pdf When the percentage is 1, the Convex Hull is produced. As the percentage is decreased, the area of the hull decreases.
- ConvexHull[ <List of punti> ]
- MinimumSpanningTree[ <List of punti> ]
- DelauneyTriangulation[ <List of punti> ]
- TravelingSalesman[ <List of punti> ]
- Voronoi[ <List of punti> ]
Draws a Voronoi Diagram
- ShortestDistance[ <List of Segments>, <Start Point>, <End Point>, <Boolean Weighted> ]
- Perimeter[ <Locus> ]
Useful for ShortestDistance[ ]
- SelectedIndex[ <List> ]
- SelectedElement[ <List> ]
These two commands return the index / element of a Visible List (ie Combobox) that has been selected by the user. Note that these are currently available only in the Spreadsheet (when the "Use Buttons and Checkboxes" option is enabled).
- ToolImage[ <Number> ]
Copies the icon for the selected Tool into the Vista Grafica. The numbers for each Tool are detailed here: http://www.geogebra.org/trac/browser/trunk/geogebra/geogebra/euclidian/EuclidianConstants.java
- SlowPlot[ <Function> ]
- Sample[ <List>, <Size> ]
- Sample[ <List>, <Size>, <With Replacement> ]
- VerticalText[ <Text> ]
- RotateText[ <Text>, <Angle> ]
- PolyLine[ <List of punti> ]
- PolyLine[ <Point>, <Point>, <Point>, ... ]
- RigidPolygon[<Free Point>, ..., <Free Point> ]
Makes a rigid polygon. Dragging the polygon translates it, dragging the second point rotates it.
- Simplify[ <Text> ]
Attempts to tidy up text expressions by removing repeated negatives etc eg Simplify["f(x) = "+a+"x²+"+b+"x+"+c] Note that FormulaText[f] normally produces better results and is simpler
- ComplexRoot[ <Polynomial> ]
- SetValue[ <Boolean>, <0|1> ]
Sets the state of a boolean / CheckBox 1 = true, 0 = false
- SetValue[ <List>, <Element>]
Sets the selected element of a Visible List (Combobox)
- SetValue[ <Object> , <Object> ]
Useful in Scripting eg SetValue[a, b]
- SetValue[ <List>, <Number>, <Object> ]
Useful in Scripting eg SetValue[list1, RandomBetween[1,3], RandomBetween[1,10]]
- UpdateConstruction[]
Useful in Scripting. Updates all random numbers (like Ctrl-R)
- Execute[<List of strings>]
Executes list of commands, ad es. Execute[Join[{"f_{1}=1","f_{2}=1"},Sequence["f_{"+(i+2)+"}=f_{"+(i+1)+"}+f_{"+i+"}",i,1,10]]].
- Execute[<List of strings>,<Parameter %0>,....,<Parameter %9>]
Replaces %x for parameter %x. Executes list of resulting commands, ad es. Execute[{"Midpoint[%0,%1]"},A,B}].
- ApplyMatrix[ <Matrix>, <Object> ]
- RandomElement[ <List> ]
- Shuffle[ <List> ]
- OrdinalRank[ <List> ]
- TiedRank[ <List> ]
- ReducedRowEchelonForm[ <Matrix> ]
- SampleSD[ <List of Numbers> ]
calcola the Sample Standard Devation
- SampleSDX[ <List of punti> ], SampleSDY[ <List of punti> ]
Calculate the Sample Standard Devation of one coordinate
- SDX[ <List of punti> ], SDY[ <List of punti> ]
Calculate the Standard Devation of one coordinate
- SampleVariance[ <List of Numbers> ]
calcola the Sample Variance
- Spearman[<List of punti>]
- Spearman[<List of Numbers>, <List of Numbers>]
calcola Spearman's Correlation Coefficient
- Point[ <List> ]
eg Point[ {1, 2} ] eg Point[ { {1, 2}, {3, 4} } ]
- PointList[ <List> ]
eg PointList[ { {1, 2}, {3 ,4}} ]
- RootList[ <List> ]
eg RootList[ {1, 2, 3} ]
- ParseToNumber[ <Number>, <Text> ]
eg ParseToNumber[a,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script
- ParseToFunction[ <Function>, <Text> ]
eg ParseToFunction[f,"%0"] in a GeoGebra Script
- Polygon[ <List of punti> ]
- FitGrowth[<List of punti>]
Fits a function of the form a*b^x to the punti in the list. (Just like FitExp[], but to avoid the number e, as e is unknown to some pupils even if they know the exponential growth function.)
- Fit[<List of punti>,<List of Functions>]
Fits a linear combination of functions to the punti in the list. For example, with punti A, B, C, ... L={A, B, C, ...}, f(x)=1, g(x)=x, h(x)=e^x, F={f,g,h} the command Fit{L,F} restituisce a minimum squared errors curve fitting fit(x) = a + b x + c e^x
- SumSquaredErrors[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
calcola the sum of squared errors, SSE, between the y-values of the punti in the list and the function values of the x-values in the list. If we have some punti in a list: L={A,B,C,D,E} and have done for example: f(x)=RegPoly[L,1] and g(x)=RegPoly[L,2] then we can decide the best fit, in the sense of the least sum of squared errors (Gauss), by comparing: sse_f=SumSquaredErrors[L,f] and sse_g=SumSquaredErrors[L,g].
- RSquare[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
- Numerator[ <Function> ] *
- Denominator[ <Function> ] *
- PartialFractions[ <Function> ] *
- Limit[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
- LimitAbove[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
- LimitBelow[ <Function>, <Value> ] *
- Factors[ <Polynomial> ] *
- Degree[ <Polynomial> ] *
- Coefficients[ <Polynomial> ] *
- Coeffcients[ <Conic> ]
Restituisce a list with the coefficients of: x², y², 1, xy, x, y
- Div[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] *
- Mod[ <Polynomial>, <Polynomial> ] *
- Asymptote[ <Function> ]
- Asymptote[ <Implicit Curve> ]
- RandomUniform[ <Min>, <Max> ]
- Eccentricity[ <Conic> ]
- Length[ <Text> ]
- Length[ <Locus> ]
See SolveODE[ ]
- Take[ <Text>, <Start>, <End> ]
- First[ <Text>, <Number>]
- First[ <Locus>, <Number>]
See SolveODE[ ]
- First[ <Text>]
- Last[ <Text>, <Number>]
- Last[ <Text>]
- Text[ <Object>, <Point>, <Boolean for Substitution of Variables>, <Boolean for LaTeX formula> ]
- Reflect[ <Circle>, <Object> ]
Inverts object in circle
- DynamicCoordinates[ <Point>, <Number>, <Number> ]
A=Point[xAxis] B=Point[xAxis] DynamicCoordinates[B, Min[x(B),x(A)],0] SetVisibleInView[B, 1, false] SetLayer[C, 1] Now, C cannot be moved to the right of A
A=(1,2) SetVisibleInView[A, 1, false] B=DynamicCoordinates[A, If[x(A) > 3, 3, If[x(A) < -(3), -3, If[x(A) < 0, round(x(A)), x(A)]]], If[x(A) < 0, 0.5, If[y(A) > 2, 2, If[y(A) < 0, 0, y(A)]]]]
A=(1,2) B=(2,3) Hide B C=DynamicCoordinates[B, If[Distance[A, B] < 1, x(A), x(B)], If[Distance[A, B] < 1, y(A), y(B)]] makes A a sticky point when C is dragged near it
- PointIn[ <Region> ]
- IsInRegion[ <Point>, <Region> ]
- Element[ <Matrix>, <Column>, <Row> ]
- TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseTDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
- FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseFDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
- Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseGamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, <Probability> ]
- Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseCauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, <Probability> ]
- ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, <Probability> ]
- Exponential[ <Mean>, <Variable Value>]
- InverseExponential[ <Mean>, <Probability> ]
- Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
- InverseWeibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, <Probability> ]
- Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- InverseBinomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
- Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- InversePascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
- Poisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- InversePoisson[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Probability> ]
- HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- InverseHyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Probability> ]
- Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Variable Value> , <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- InverseZipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Probability> ]
- CopyFreeObject[ <Object> ]
- SetColor[ <Object>, "color" ]
- SetColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
- SetBackgroundColor[ <Object>, "color" ]
- SetBackgroundColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
- SetDynamicColor[ <Object>, <Red>, <Green>, <Blue> ]
- SetConditionToShowObject[ <Object>, <Condition> ]
- SetCoords[ <Point>, <x>, <y> ]
- SetFilling[ <Object>, <Number> ]
- Setpuntiize[ <Point>, <Number> ]
- Setpuntityle[ <Point>, <Number> ]
- SetLineThickness[ <Line>, <Number> ]
- SetLineStyle[ <Line>, <Number> ]
- SetLayer[ <Object>, <Layer> ]
- SelectObjects[ ]
clears selection
- SelectObjects[ <Object>, <Object>, ... ]
- ShowLayer[ <Number> ]
- HideLayer[ <Number> ]
- SetFixed[ <Object>, <True | False> ]
- ShowLabel[ <Object>, <True | False> ]
- Rename[ <Object>, <Name> ]
- FillRow[ <Row>, <List> ]
- FillColumn[ <Column>, <List> ]
- FillCells[ <CellRange>, <Object> ]
eg FillCells[A1:B20, loc1] to get the coordinates of a locus into the spreadsheet eg FillCells[A1:B20, 3] to copy '3' into multiple cells eg FillCells[A1:B2, {{1,2},{3,4}}] to copy a matrix into the spreadsheet [UNFINISHED]
- FillCells[ <Start Cell>, <List> ]
- FillCells[ <Start Cell>, <Matrix> ]
- SetActiveView[ <Number 1|2> ]
Sets the Active View (3 reserved for 3D View in future)
- ZoomIn[ <Scale Factor> ]
- ZoomOut[ <Scale Factor> ]
- ZoomIn[ <Scale Factor>, <Center Point> ]
- ZoomOut[ <Scale Factor>, <Center Point> ]
- Pan[ <x>, <y> ]
- Cell[ <Column>, <Row> ]
- SetCaption[ <Object>, <Text> ]
- SetLabelMode[ <Object>, <Number> ]
- Slider[ <Min>, <Max>, <Increment>, <Speed>, <Width>, <Is Angle>, <Horizontal>, <Animating>, <Random>]
Only first two arguments are compulsory.
- Checkbox[, <List of objects to hide>] (both, either or none parameters can be used)
- Textfield[], Textfield[<Linked object>]
- Button[], Button[]
- Unique[ <List>]
Removes duplicates from a list.
- Classes[ <List of Data>, <Start>, <Width of Classes> ]
- Classes[ <List of Data>, <Number of Classes> ]
restituisce a list of class boundaries.
- Frequency[ <List of Raw Data> ]
- Frequency[ <Cumulativa>, <List of Raw Data>]
- Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, ]
- Frequency[ <Cumulativa>,<List of Class Boundaries>,<List of Raw Data>]
- Frequency[<List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
- Frequency[ <Boolean Cumulativa>, <List of Class Boundaries>, <List of Raw Data>, <Use Density> , <Density Scale Factor> (optional) ]
restituisce a list of frequencies.
- Fit[ <List of punti>, <Function> ]
- Intersect[ <Function>, <Function> ]
- SetVisibleInView[ <Object>, <View Number 1|2>, <Boolean> ]
- ZoomIn[ <Min x>, <Min y>, <Max x>, <Max y> ]
- Corner[ <Vista Grafica>, <Corner Number> ]
- Roots[ <Function>, <left-x>, <right-x> ]
calcola the roots for function in the given interval.
- CompleteSquare[ <Quadratic Function> ]
The following commands draw a function for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf)
- TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x ]
- TDistribution[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
- FDistributionSyntax=FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x ]
- FDistribution[ <Numerator gradi di libertà>, <Denominator gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x ]
- Gamma[ <Alpha>, <Beta>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x ]
- Cauchy[ <Median>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x ]
- ChiSquared[ <gradi di libertà>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Exponential[ <Lambda>, x ]
- Exponential[ <Lambda>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x ]
- Weibull[ <Shape>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ]
- Normal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
- LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x ]
- LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa>]
- LogNormal[ <Mean>, <Standard Deviation>, <Variable Value> ]
- Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x ]
- Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Uniform[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Variable Value> ]
- Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x ]
- Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Logistic[ <Mean>, <Scale>, <Variable Value> ]
- Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x ]
- Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, x, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Triangular[ <Lower Bound>, <Upper Bound>, <Mode>, <Variable Value> ]
The following commands draw a Bar Chart for the respective distributions' pdf / cdf (default: pdf)
- Bernoulli[ <Probability>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ]
- Pascal[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Poisson[ <Mean> ]
- Poisson[ <Mean>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success> ]
- Binomial[ <Number of Successes>, <Probability of Success>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size> ]
- HyperGeometric[ <Population Size>, <Number of Successes>, <Sample Size>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
- Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent> ]
- Zipf[ <Number of Elements>, <Exponent>, <Boolean Cumulativa> ]
New Keyboard & Mouse Shortcuts
- <Ctrl>H Show / Hide Objects (not MacOS)
- <Ctrl><Shift>H Show / Hide Labels (not MacOS)
- <Ctrl>G Show / Hide Objects
- <Ctrl><Shift>G Show / Hide Labels
- <Ctrl>I Invert Selection
- <Tab> Select next object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked)
- <Shift><Tab> Select previous object (alphabetic / spreadsheet order, not objects with "Allow Selection" unchecked)
- <Ctrl><Tab> toggles focus between Vista Grafica and the Spreadsheet
- <Page Up> increases layer of the selected objects
- <Page Down> decreases layer of the selected objects
- The Following work (together with Alt, Shift, Ctrl modifiers) to pan the Vista Grafica when no objects are selected:
- <Page Up> Go up one screen's worth
- <Page Down> Go down one screen's worth
- <Insert> Go left one screen's worth
- <Home> Go right one screen's worth
- Left arrow Go left 1% of the screen's width
- Right arrow Go left 1% of the screen's width
- Up arrow Go up 1% of the screen's height
- Down arrow Go down 1% of the screen's height
- <Ctrl>M Revert to standard view in the Vista Grafica
- <Ctrl><Shift>M Share
- Menu button (on keyboard) opens Vista Grafica menu / Object finestra di dialogo Proprietà
- Spacebar Toggle checkbox (if selected)
- Spacebar run scripts (if selected) eg for a Button
- <Ctrl><Shift>N Select next window (or load next file in folder if just one file loaded)
- <Ctrl><Alt><Shift>N Select last window
- <Home> go to start of row (in spreadsheet)
- <Ctrl><Home> go to cell A1 (in spreadsheet)
- <Ctrl><Shift>K Show/Hide Vista CAS
- <Ctrl><Shift>L Show/Hide Construction Protocol
- <Ctrl><Shift>1 Show/Hide Vista Grafica
- <Ctrl><Shift>2 Show/Hide Vista Grafica 2
- <Ctrl><Shift>3 Reserved (for 3D View in future)
- <Ctrl><Shift>Z Redo
- <Ctrl>UpArrow (in Text Field) Open symbol table
- Click and drag middle button (scroll wheel) to pan view or rescale the axes
- <F1> Help / Help on current command
- <Alt>i restituisce the new symbol for sqrt(-1) ί
- <Alt>u ∞ (was <Alt>i)
- <Alt>* restituisce ⊗ (Vector Product)
- <Alt>- now restituisce a superscript minus (not minus-or-plus)
- <Tab> cycles through matching commands (barra di inserimento)
Description of all Keyboard Shortcuts
New Applet Parameters
- allowStyleBar, default false
- useBrowserForJS, default true
Description of all GeoGebra Applet Parameters
New Command Line Arguments
If you use command line arguments, make sure you allocate enough memory, eg:
java -Xms32m -Xmx512m -jar geogebra.jar --settingsfile=geogebra.properties
--settingsfile=<File>
Description of all GeoGebra Command Line Arguments
New JavaScript commands
- String getPNGBase64(double exportScale, boolean transparent, double DPI)
egvar str = ggbApplet.getPNGBase64(1, true, 72);
- boolean writePNGtoFile(String filename, double exportScale, boolean transparent, double DPI)
signed applets only
egvar success = ggbApplet.writePNGtoFile("c:\\test.png", 1, false, 300);
- boolean isIndependent(String objName) (checks if object is independent)
- boolean isMoveable(String objName) (checks if object is moveable)
- getBase64()
- setBase64(String)
Description of all GeoGebra JavaScript Methods
GeoGebra's XML File Format
GeoGebra's XML file format is documented at Reference:XML
License
You are free to copy, distribute and transmit GeoGebra for non-commercial purposes. Please see the GeoGebra license for details: http://www.geogebra.org/download/license.txt