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| Línea 51: |
Línea 51: |
| | ====Ilustrando el Modelo de Polarización ==== | | ====Ilustrando el Modelo de Polarización ==== |
| | Esta simulación procura ilustrar el modelo del fenómeno de polarización. | | Esta simulación procura ilustrar el modelo del fenómeno de polarización. |
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" </center> |
| | Un filtro de polarización tiene un eje particular de transmissión y sólo se admite la alineación y el paso de las ondas de luz con tal eje. | | Un filtro de polarización tiene un eje particular de transmissión y sólo se admite la alineación y el paso de las ondas de luz con tal eje. |
| | En esta simulación, las ondas no polarizadas pasan a través del polarizador vertical, permaneciendo sólo sus componentes verticales. | | En esta simulación, las ondas no polarizadas pasan a través del polarizador vertical, permaneciendo sólo sus componentes verticales. |
Revisión del 23:30 5 nov 2012
Tutorial: Deslizándose por la Ley de Snell
Diseño del Centro Babbage
Para seguir la tutela de este instructivo de Centro Babbage, conviene abrir la pantalla de Ventana GeoGebra y avanzar paso a paso.
La propuesta es construir un escenario ilustrativo de la Ley de Snell como el siguiente.
Establecerlo empleando las herramientas que nos ofrece GeoGebra y apelando en particular a la Herramienta de Deslizador para explorar los resultados según diversas relaciones entre los índices de refracción de uno y otro medio.
Mientras se construye este escenario de simulación dinámica, se aprenderá cómo emplear una serie de herramientas, en la siguiente secuencia:
1 Para ilustrar el fenóimeno se delinea el límite de la interfaz entre uno y otro medio, llamando C al punto de incidencia, trazando además una perpendicular a tal límite que pasa por C y una circunferencia de radio l.
2 Con la Herramienta de Vector entre Dos Puntos se representa al rayo.
3 Crear el punto F de intersección de la recta del rayo incidente y la circunferencia de radio l y, empleando la Herramienta de Refleja Objeto en Recta se procede a trazar el rayo reflejado..
4 Trazar la perpendicular al límite entre medios que pasa por el punto F y establecer la relación de valores entre sendos índices de refración de uno y otro medio. Para hacerlo de modo simple, se crea un deslizador con un rango de variación entre 0.2 y 35 para poder explorar las situaciones en que n_2 < n_1 y en los que es mayor.
5 Trazar la Circunferencia[C, l razón_{n_2/n_1}] siendo l la longitud elegida para la primera circunferencia y estando n_2 relacionada a n_1 a través del deslizador correspondiente.
6 Trazar los puntos de intersección entre la circunferencia recién creada y la perpendicular f al límite entre medios que pasa por F.
7 El rayo refractado queda determinado por los puntos C y H (siendo H el punto H de intersección, en el medio 2, de la perpendicular f y la segunda circunferencia).
8 Con la Herramienta de Ángulo se señalan los de incidencia y refracciíón así como el de desviación, como se ilustra en la figura.
9 Explorar el comportamiento del fenómeno simulado geométrica y esquemáticamente..
Ilustrando el Modelo de Polarización
Esta simulación procura ilustrar el modelo del fenómeno de polarización.
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"
Un filtro de polarización tiene un eje particular de transmissión y sólo se admite la alineación y el paso de las ondas de luz con tal eje.
En esta simulación, las ondas no polarizadas pasan a través del polarizador vertical, permaneciendo sólo sus componentes verticales.
Esta onda transversa vertical se aproxima al polarizador vertical. Si el polarizador se rota, sólo un componente de la onda puede atravesarlo.
Si se lo rota 90 grados, la onda se detiene completamente.
Tildando las casillas, se pueden intercalar de uno a tres polarizadores para notar qué sucede, incluso modificando los correspondientes ángulos.
Para iniciar la animación, se debe recurrir al deslizador inferior izquierdo..
