Difference between revisions of "Tutorial:Conditional Visibility & Sequences"

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Latest revision as of 16:27, 29 November 2019

Visualizing Integer Addition on the Number Line

In this activity you can either use the following tools or corresponding commands. Make sure you know how to use them before you begin.

Tool Slider.gif Slider
Tool New Point.gif Point
Tool Vector between Two Points.gif Vector
Tool Move.gif Move
Tool Segment between Two Points.gif Segment Between Two Points
Tool Insert Text.gif Insert Text
Tool Check Box to Show Hide Objects.gif Checkbox

Construction Steps

1. Open a new GeoGebra window and hide the Algebra View. Set the labeling option to All new objects (Options Menu).

2. Open the Properties dialog for the Graphics View. On tab yAxis, uncheck Show yAxis. On tab xAxis, set the distance of tick marks to 1 by checking the box Distance and entering 1 into the text field. On tab Basic set the minimum of the x-Axis to -21 and the maximum to 21.

3. Create sliders a and b (interval -10 to 10; increment 1). Show the value of the sliders instead of their names (Properties dialog).

4. Create points A = (0 , 1) and B = A + (a , 0).

5. Create vector u = Vector[A, B] which has the length a.

6. Create points C = B + (0 , 1) and D = C + (b , 0) as well as vector v = Vector[C , D] which has the length b.

7. Create point R = (x(D) , 0).

Note Hint: x(D) gives you the x-coordinate of point D. Thus, point R shows the result of the addition.

8. Create point Z = (0, 0) as well as the following segments: g = Segment[Z, A], h = Segment[B, C], i = Segment[D, R].

9. Use the Properties Dialog to enhance your construction (e.g. change color, line style, fix sliders, hide labels).

13 integer.PNG

Insert dynamic text

Enhance your interactive figure by inserting dynamic text that displays the corresponding addition problem.

10. Calculate the result of the addition problem: r = a + b

11. In order to display the parts of the addition problem in different colors you need to insert the dynamic text step by step. a. Insert text1: Select a from Objects b. Insert text2: + c. Insert text3: Select b from Objects d. Insert text4: = e. Insert text5: Select r from Objects

12. Match the color of text1, text3, and text5 with the color of the corresponding sliders and point R. Hide the labels of the sliders and fix the text (Properties Dialog).

13. Export the interactive figure as a dynamic worksheet.

13 integer2.PNG

Conditional Formatting – Inserting Checkboxes

Construction Steps

Insert a checkbox into the Graphics View that allows you to show or hide the result of the addition problem (text5, point R, and segment i).

1. Activate tool Checkbox to show and hide objects.

2. Click on the graphics view next to the result of the addition problem.

3. Enter Show result into the Caption text field.

4. From the drop down menu successively select all objects whose visibility should be controlled by the checkbox (text5, point R, and segment i).

5. Click Apply to create the checkbox.

6. In Move mode check and uncheck the checkbox to try out if all three objects can be hidden / shown.

7. Fix the checkbox so it can’t be moved accidentally any more (Properties dialog).

8. Export this new interactive figure as a dynamic worksheet.

Note Hint: You might want to use a different name for this worksheet.


13 integer3.PNG

Boolean variables

A Check Box to Show / Hide Objects is the graphical representation of a Boolean variable in GeoGebra. It can either be true or false which can be set by checking (Boolean variable = true) or unchecking (Boolean variable = false) the checkbox.

1. Open the Properties dialog. The list of Boolean values only contains one object called j, which is represented graphically as your checkbox.

2. Select text5 from the list of objects in the Properties dialog.

3. Click on tab Advanced and look at the text field called Condition to Show Object. It shows the name of your checkbox j.

Note Hint: This means that the visibility of text5 depends on the status of the checkbox.

4. Select point R from the list of objects in the Properties dialog. Click on tab Advanced. The text field Condition to Show Object is empty.

5. Enter j into the text field Condition to Show Object. The visibility of point R is now connected to the checkbox as well.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for segment i which connects the second vector with point R on the number line.

Note Hint: Now the checkbox controls three objects of your dynamic figure: text5 (which shows the result of the addition), point R and segment i (which show the result on the number line).


The Sierpinski Triangle

You will now learn how to create a custom tool that facilitates the construction of a so called Sierpinski triangle.

Sierpinski1.PNG

Preparations

  • Open a new GeoGebra window.
  • Switch to Perspectives – Geometry.
  • In the Options menu set the Labeling to New Points Only.

Construction Steps

1 Tool Polygon.gif Create an arbitrary triangle ABC.
2 Change the color of the triangle to black (Properties dialog).
3 Tool Midpoint or Center.gif Create midpoint D of triangle side AB.
4 Tool Midpoint or Center.gif Create midpoint E of triangle side BC.
5 Tool Midpoint or Center.gif Create midpoint F of triangle side AC.
6 Tool Move.gif Construct a triangle DEF.
7 Change the color of triangle DEF to white and increase the filling to 100% (Properties dialog).
8 Change the color of the sides of triangle DEF to black (Properties dialog).
9 Create a new tool called Sierpinski.

Output objects: points D, E and F, triangle DEF, sides of triangle DEF

Input objects: points A, B and C

Name: Sierpinski

Toolbar help: Click on three points

10 Apply your custom tool to the three black triangles ADF, DBE and FEC to create the second stage of the Sierpinski triangle.
11 Apply your custom tool to the nine black triangles to create the third stage of the Sierpinski triangle.


Conditional Visibility

Insert checkboxes that allow you to show and hide the different stages of the Sierpinski triangle.

1 Tool Show Hide Object.gif Hide all points except from A, B and C.
2 Tool Check Box to Show Hide Objects.gif Create a Check Box that shows / hides the first stage of the Sierpinski triangle.

Caption: Stage 1

Selected objects: Only the large white triangle and its sides.

3 Tool Move.gif In Move mode check and uncheck the checkbox to try out if the

white triangle and its sides can be hidden / shown.

4 Tool Check Box to Show Hide Objects.gif Create a Check Box that shows / hides the second stage of the Sierpinski triangle.

Caption: Stage 2

Selected objects: Three medium sized white triangles and their sides.

5 Tool Move.gif In Move mode check and uncheck the checkbox to try out if the second stage of the Sierpinski triangle can be hidden / shown.
6 Tool Check Box to Show Hide Objects.gif Create a Check Box that shows / hides the third stage of the Sierpinski triangle.

Caption: Stage 3

Selected objects: Nine small white triangles and their sides.

7 Tool Move.gif In Move mode check and uncheck the checkbox to try out if the third stage of the Sierpinski triangle can be hidden / shown.
Sierpinski2.PNG

Introducing Sequences

GeoGebra offers the command Sequence which produces a list of objects. Thereby, the type of object, the length of the sequence (that’s the number of objects created) and the step width (e.g. distance between the objects) can be set using the following command syntax: Sequence[<expression>, <variable>, <from>, <to>, <step>]

Explanations:

  • <expression>: Determines the type of objects created. The expression needs to contain a variable (e.g. (i, 0) with variable i).
  • <variable>: Tells GeoGebra the name of the variable used.
  • <from>, <to>: Determine the interval for the variable used (e.g. from 1 to 10).
  • <step>: Is optional and determines the step width for the variable used (e.g. 0.5).

Examples for sequences

  • Sequence[(n, 0), n, 0, 10]
    • Creates a list of 11 points along the x-axis.
    • Points have coordinates (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), …, (10, 0).
Sequence.PNG
  • Sequence[Segment[(a, 0), (0, a)], a, 1, 10, 0.5]
    • Creates a list of segments with distance 0.5.
    • Each segment connects a point on the x-axis with a point on the yaxis (e.g. points (1, 0) and (0, 1); points (2, 0) and (0, 2).
  • If s is a slider with interval from 1 to 10 and increment 1, then command Sequence[(i, i), i, 0, s]
    • creates a list of s + 1 points whose length can be changed dynamically by dragging slider s.
    • Points have coordinates (0, 0), (1, 1), …, (10, 10)
Sequence2.PNG

Visualizing Multiplication of Natural Numbers

Preparations

  • Open a new GeoGebra window.
  • Switch to Perspectives – Geometry.
  • Show the Input Bar (View Menu).
  • In the Options menu set the Labeling to All New Objects.
Multiplication.PNG

Construction Steps

1 Tool Slider.gif Create a horizontal slider Columns for number with Interval from 1 to 10, Increment 1 and Width 300.
2 Tool New Point.gif Create a new point A.
3 Tool Segment with Given Length from Point.gif Construct segment a with given length Columns from point A.
4 Tool Move.gif Move slider Columns to check the segment with given length.
5 Tool Perpendicular Line.gif Construct a perpendicular line b to segment a through point A.
6 Tool Perpendicular Line.gif Construct a perpendicular line c to segment a through point B.
7 Tool Slider.gif Create a vertical slider Rows for number with Interval from 1 to 10, Increment 1 and Width 300.
8 Tool Circle Center Radius.gif Create a circle d with center A and given radius Rows.
9 Tool Move.gif Move slider Rows to check the circle with given radius.
10 Tool Intersect Two Objects.gif Intersect circle d with line c to get intersection point C.
11 Tool Parallel Line.gif Create a parallel line e to segment a through intersection point C.
12 Tool Intersect Two Objects.gif Intersect lines c and e to get intersection point D.
13 Tool Polygon.gif Construct a polygon ABDC.
14 Tool Show Hide Object.gif Hide all lines, circle d and segment a.
15 Hide labels of segments.
16 Tool Move.gif Set both sliders Columns and Rows to value 10.
17 Create a list of vertical segments.

Sequence[Segment[A+i(1, 0), C+i(1, 0)], i, 1, Columns]

Note: A + i(1, 0) specifies a series of points starting at point A with distance 1 from each other. C + i(1, 0) specifies a series of points starting at point C with distance 1 from each other. Segment[A + i(1, 0), C + i(1, 0)] creates a list of segments between pairs of these points. Note, that the endpoints of the segments are not shown in the Graphics view. Slider Column determines the number of segments created.
18 Create a list of horizontal segments.

Sequence[Segment[A+i(0, 1), B+i(0, 1)], i, 1, Rows]

19 Tool Move.gif Move sliders Columns and Rows to check the construction.
20 Tool Insert Text.gif Insert static and dynamic text that state the multiplication problem using the values of sliders Columns and Rows as the factors:

text1: Columns

text2: *

text3: Rows

text4: =

21 Calculate the result of the multiplication: result = Columns * Rows
22 Tool Insert Text.gif Insert dynamic text5: result
23 Tool Show Hide Object.gif Hide points A, B, C and D.
24 Enhance your construction using the Properties dialog.

Challenge of the Day: String Art Based on Bézier Curves

Bézier curves are parametric curves used in computer graphics. For example, they are used in order to create smooth lines of vector fonts. Let’s create some ‘string art’ based on Bézier curves.

Preparations

  • Open a new GeoGebra window.
  • Switch to Perspectives – Geometry.
  • Show the Input Bar (View Menu).
  • In the Options menu set the Labeling to All New Objects.
Bezier.PNG

Construction Steps

1 Tool Segment between Two Points.gif Create segment a with endpoints A and B.
2 Tool Segment between Two Points.gif Create segment b with endpoints A and C.
3 Tool Slider.gifTool Move.gif Create a slider for number n with Interval 0 to 50, Increment 1 and Width 200.
4 Create Sequence[A + i/n (B - A), i, 1, n].
Note Hint: This sequence creates a list of n points along segment AB with a distance of one nth of the length of segment a.
5 Create Sequence[A + i/n (C - A), i, 1, n].
Note Hint: This sequence creates a list of n points along segment AC with a distance of one nth of the length of segment b.
6 Tool Show Hide Object.gif Hide both lists of points.
7 Create a list of segments. Sequence[Segment[Element[list1,i],Element[list2,n-i]],i,1,n]
Note Hint: These segments connect the first and last, second and last but one,…, last and first point of list1 and list2.
8 Enhance your construction using the Properties dialog.
9 Tool Move.gif Move points A, B and C to change the shape of your Bézier curve.
10 Tool Move.gif Drag slider n to change the number of segments that create the Bézier curve.


Note: The segments you just created are tangents to a quadratic Bézier curve.

Task

Create more string art with GeoGebra using sequences of points and segments.

Bezier2.PNG
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