Predefined Functions and Operators
From GeoGebra Manual
To create numbers, coordinates, or equations using the Input Bar you may also use the following pre-defined functions and operations. Logic operators and functions are listed in article about Boolean values.
Note: The predefined functions need to be entered using parentheses. You must not put a space between the function name and the parentheses.
| Operation / Function | Input |
|---|---|
| ℯ (Euler's number) | Alt + e |
| ί (Imaginary unit) | Alt + i |
| π | Alt + p or pi |
| ° (Degree symbol) | Alt + o |
| Addition | + |
| Subtraction | - |
| Multiplication | * or Space key |
| Scalar product | * or Space key |
| Vector product or determinant (see Points and Vectors) | ⊗ |
| Division | / |
| Exponentiation | ^ or superscript (x^2 or x2)
|
| Factorial | ! |
| Parentheses | ( ) |
| x-coordinate | x( ) |
| y-coordinate | y( ) |
| Argument | arg( ) |
| Conjugate | conjugate( ) |
| Absolute value | abs( ) |
| Sign | sgn( ) or sign() |
| Square root | sqrt( ) |
| Cubic root | cbrt( ) |
| Random number between 0 and 1 | random( ) |
| Exponential function | exp( ) or ℯx |
| Logarithm (natural, to base e) | ln( ) or log( ) |
| Logarithm to base 2 | ld( ) |
| Logarithm to base 10 | lg( ) |
| Logarithm of x to base b | log(b, x ) |
| Cosine | cos( ) |
| Sine | sin( ) |
| Tangent | tan( ) |
| Secant | sec() |
| Cosecant | cosec() |
| Cotangent | cot() |
| Arc cosine | acos( ) or arccos( ) |
| Arc sine | asin( ) or arcsin( ) |
| Arc tangent (returns answer between -π/2 and π/2) | atan( ) or arctan( ) |
| Arc tangent (returns answer between -π and π) | atan2(y, x) |
| Hyperbolic cosine | cosh( ) |
| Hyperbolic sine | sinh( ) |
| Hyperbolic tangent | tanh( ) |
| Hyperbolic secant | sech( ) |
| Hyperbolic cosecant | cosech( ) |
| Hyperbolic cotangent | coth( ) |
| Antihyperbolic cosine | acosh( ) or arccosh( ) |
| Antihyperbolic sine | asinh( ) or arcsinh( ) |
| Antihyperbolic tangent | atanh( ) or arctanh( ) |
| Greatest integer less than or equal | floor( ) |
| Least integer greater than or equal | ceil( ) |
| Round | round( ) |
| Beta function Β(a, b) | beta(a, b) |
| Incomplete beta function Β(x;a, b) | beta(a, b, x) |
| Incomplete regularized beta function I(x; a, b) | betaRegularized(a, b, x) |
| Gamma function Γ(x) | gamma( x) |
| (Lower) incomplete gamma function γ(a, x) | gamma(a, x) |
| (Lower) incomplete regularized gamma function P(a,x) = γ(a, x) / Γ(a) | gammaRegularized(a, x) |
| Gaussian Error Function | erf(x) |
| Real | real( ) |
| Imaginary | imaginary( ) |
| Digamma function | psi(x) |
| The Polygamma function is the (m+1)th derivative of the natural logarithm of the Gamma function, gamma(x) (m=0,1) | polygamma(m, x) |
| The Sine Integral function | sinIntegral(x) |
| The Cosine Integral function | cosIntegral(x) |
| The Exponential Integral function | expIntegral(x) |
- Example:See Complex Numbers for details.
Conjugate(17 + 3 * ί)gives -3 ί + 17, the conjugated complex number of 17 + 3 ί.
